C18.3 Separating Solids from Liquids

• Filtration


  Mechanical process of separating a mixture or solution into two or more substances by filtering solids from a liquid or gas
• Residue


  Remaining material or substance after a process, such as filtration, is completed
• Filtrate


  Liquid portion of a mixture or solution that has been separated from solid particles or impurities through filtration
• Filtration


  To separate particles or substances from a mixture or solution to achieve purity, separation, protection, and quality assurance
• Quality Control


  Ensuring quality and purity by removing impurities, reducing contamination, and enabling quality control
• Crystallization


  A process where a solid forms from a solution or melt, involving nucleation, crystal growth, and separation
• Supersaturation


  A condition where the concentration of a solution exceeds its saturation point, leading to crystal formation and growth
• Sieving


  A process involving sieving or screening particles based on size, shape, and density to separate particles of different diameters
• Evaporation


  A process involving heating, vaporization, solvent removal, and solids recovery to separate solids from liquids
• Temperature and Evaporation


  A temperature affects the rate of evaporation, solvent removal, and solids recovery in the evaporation process
• Temperature and Crystallization


  A temperature affects the rate of crystallization, crystal structure, solubility, and crystal quality in the crystallization process
• Solubility Limit


  A critical point in crystallization where the solvent can no longer hold the dissolved substance, leading to crystallization and precipitation
• Crystal Nucleation


  The process by which a crystal starts to form and grow, critical in the crystallization process
• mixture 


  two or more substances which are not chemically combined
• method of crystallisation:

  1. heat the solution to evaporate water and make it more concentrated
  2. cool the saturated solution to allow crystals to form
  3. check that it is ready by placing a drop on a microscope slide. crystals will form quickly on the cool glass
  4. leave the solution to cool and crystals will start growing
  5. remove the crystals by filtering. rinse the crystals with a small amount of distilled water and dry the crystals with filter paper.