topic 6

• metallic properties


  sonorous

  malleable

  conducts electricity

  conducts heat

  ductile

  lustrous

  hard

  high melting / boiling points

  high density
• reactivity goes down in group one as the outer electron shells get further away from the nucleus
• when halogens (group 7) react with another substance, they become halides
• reactivity goes up group seven
• test for chlorine gas

  • hang damp blue litmus paper over a solution
  • if chlorine gas is present, the paper will turn red, then bleach white
• group one reactivity


  in group one, the greater the atomic radius, the more vigorously the element will react. this is because it is easier for the element to lose their one valence electron.
• group seven reactivity


  in group seven, the smaller the atomic radius, the more vigorously the element will react. this is because it is easier for the element to pull in an electron from another element
• Noble gases (group 8) are chemically inert, which means they are unreactive. this is because they have a full outer shell, so have no need to gain/lose any electrons.
• group one (reactivity goes down)

  [probably only need the first three but don't quote me on that]

  lithium - Li

  sodium - Na

  potassium - K

  rubidium - Rb

  caesium - Cs

  francium - Fr
• group seven (reactivity goes up)

  [probably only need the first four but don't quote me on that]



  fluorine - F

  chlorine - Cl

  bromine - Br

  iodine - I

  astatine - At
• group 8 (all unreactive)

  [idk how many you'll actually need]

  helium - He

  neon - Ne

  argon - Ar

  krypton - Kr

  xenon - Xe

  radon - Rn
• state symbols in chemical equations

  (s) - solid

  (l) - liquid

  (g) - gas

  (aq) - aqueous (dissolved in water)