Animal tissues, organs and systems

• Which system transports substances around the body?

  The circulatory system
• What is the heart?

  An organ
• What does the heart do?

  Pump blood around the body
• What are the walls of the heart made from?

  Muscle tissue
• Name the two types of chambers in the heart.

  Atria and ventricles
• Which are the upper chambers of the heart?

  Atria
• Which are the lower chambers of the heart?

  Ventricles
• Where do the atria pump blood to?

  To the ventricles
• Where do the ventricles pump blood to?

  Out of the heart
• What is the job of the heart valves?

  To prevent backflow of blood in the heart
• Where does blood flow after leaving the right hand side of the heart?

  The lungs
• Where does blood flow after leaving the left hand side of the heart?

  The rest of the body
• Through which type of blood vessel does blood flow away from the heart?

  Arteries
• Through which type of blood vessel does blood flow back into the heart?

  Veins
• Name the blood vessel by which blood leaves the heart to the rest of the body.

  Aorta
• Name the blood vessel by which blood arrives back to the heart from the rest of the body.

  Vena cava
• Name the blood vessel by which blood leaves the heart to the lungs.

  Pulmonary artery
• Name the blood vessel by which blood leaves the lungs to go back to the heart.

  Pulmonary vein
• Which blood vessel have thick walls containing thick muscle tissue and elastic fibres?

  Arteries
• Which blood vessels have thinner walls, with thinner muscle tissue and contain valves?

  Veins
• Name two key adaptations of capillaries.

  1. Very thin walls (only one cell thick) to reduce distance diffusion has to occur across.
  2. Very narrow to reduce distance diffusion has to occur across.
• Where is the "natural" pacemaker of the heart located?

  The right atrium
• Where are the lungs located?

  Thoracic cavity, the upper part of the body (thorax)
• What protects the lungs?

  The ribcage
• What separates the lungs from the abdomen (lower part of the body)?

  The diaphragm
• What gas diffuses into the bloodstream at the lungs?

  Oxygen
• What gas diffuses out of the bloodstream at the lungs?

  Carbon dioxide
• Name the structure which carries air from the nose/mouth towards the lungs.

  Trachea
• When the trachea splits into two airways, what are they called?

  Bronchi (singular: bronchus)
• When the bronchi split into multiple smaller airways, what are they called?

  Bronchioles
• What are the small gas exchange structures in the lungs called?

  Alveoli (singular: alveolus)
• Describe four adaptations that alveoli have to make them an efficient gas exchange surface.

  1. Thin walls (one cell thick)
  2. Good blood supply - extensive capillary network covering the surface of each alveolus
  3. Efficient movement of blood through capillaries to maintain a concentration gradient for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  4. Folded inner surface to give a large surface area
• What is blood (cell/tissue/organ/organ system)?

  A tissue
• What is the liquid part of blood called?

  Plasma
• What are the three main cell types found in blood?


  Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
• What does blood plasma transport from the organs to the lungs?

  Carbon dioxide
• What does blood plasma transport from the small intestine to other organs?

  Soluble products of digestion
• What does blood plasma transport from the liver to the kidneys?

  Urea
• What do red blood cells transport?

  Oxygen
• Which organelles do red blood cells lack?

  A nucleus