4 - Working Class Subculture

• Sugarman (1970) - working class values:

  • Fatalism - a belief you cannot change much in your life
  • Collectivism - value being in a group rather than individual
  • Immediate Gratification - seeking pleasure now and sacrificing the future
  • Present-time Orientation - present more important than future
• Evaluation of Sugarman:

  • Marshall and Swift - question the element of luck with regards to success in business, as opposed to hardwork or personal attributes
  • Working class are unlucky, not lacking in hardwork
  • For example, Elon Musk already had $20 million before starting businesses like Tesla