Organic reactions and conditions

• Alkene to Alkane:

  • type of reaction: electrophilic addition
  • reagents: H2(g) Ni catalyst
  • conditions: 150ºc and 5 atm
• Alkene to Haloalkane:

  • type of reaction: electrophilic addition
  • reagents: HBr(aq)
  • conditions: room temp
• Alkane to Haloalkane:

  • type of reaction: radical substution
  • reagents: halogen
  • conditions: UV light
• Haloalkane to Amine:

  • type of reaction: nucleophilic substitution
  • reagents: c. NH2 (aq)
  • conditions: heat in a sealed tube
• Haloalkane to Alcohol:

  • type of reaction: nucleophilic substitution
  • reagents: NaOH (aq)
  • conditions: reflux
• Alcohol to haloalkane:

  • type of reaction: nucleophilic substitution
  • reagents: c. H2SO4
  • conditions: reflux
• Haloalkane to Nitrile:

  • type of reaction: nucleophilic substitution
  • reagents: NaCN (aq) in ethanol
  • conditions: reflux
• Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid:

  • type of reaction: substitution
  • reagents: H2O
  • conditions: reflux
• Alcohol to Alkene:

  • type of reaction: elimination
  • reagents: Al2O3
  • conditions: 300ºc
• Alcohol to Aldehyde:

  • type of reaction: oxidation
  • reagents: acidified potassium dichromate and c. H2SO4
• Aldehyde to Alcohol:

  • type of reaction: reduction
  • reagents: NaBH4
• Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid:

  • type of reaction: oxidation
  • reagents: acidified potassium dichromate and c. H2SO4
  • conditions: reflux
• Carboxylic Acid to Ester:

  • type of reaction: esterification
  • reagents: Alcohol and c. H2SO4
  • conditions: reflux
• Ester to Carboxylic Acid:

  • type of reaction: hydrolysis
  • reagents: H2O
• Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride:

  • type of reaction: substitution
  • reagents: SCl2O
  • conditions: reflux
• Acyl Chloride to Primary Amide:

  • type of reaction: acylation
  • reagents: c. NH2 (aq)
  • conditions: room temp
• Acyl Chloride to Secondary amide:

  • type of reaction: acylation
  • reagents: amine
  • conditions: room temp
• Acyl Chloride to Ester:

  • type of reaction: acylation
  • reagents: alcohol
  • conditions: room temo
• Bromination of Benzene:

  • type of reaction: electrohilic substitution
  • reagents: Br2 (l) Fe catalyst
  • conditions: room temp
• Chlorination of Benzene:

  • type of reaction: electrophilic substitution
  • reagents: Cl2 (g) AlCl3 catalyst
  • conditions: room temp
• Sulfination of Benzene:

  • type of reaction: electrophilic substitution
  • reagents: c. H2SO4
  • conditions: reflux
• Alkylation of Benzene:

  • type of reaction: electrophilic substitution
  • reagents: R-Cl and AlCl3 catalyst
  • conditions: reflux
• Acylation of Benzene:

  • type of reaction: electrophilic substitution
  • reagents: R-COCl and AlCl3 catalyst
  • conditions: reflux
• Nitration of Benzene:

  • type of reaction: electrophilic substitution
  • reagents: c. HNO3 and c. H2SO4
  • conditions: greater than 55ºc
• Amine to Nitrated Benzene:

  • type of reaction: reduction
  • reagents: Sn catalyst c. HCl
  • conditions: reflux