history

• give 2 reasons why there was a high lack of support for democracy 1918-29

  army openely disliked republic, army had lots of respect from german republic

  dolchtoss
• how did the republic creation mark change, what was the republic unfamiliar with and why

  marked change of organisation and structure of power

  unfamiliar with democracy- previously had limited power to pass or reject laws
• when did Ebert announce the creation of Weimar republic

  november 9th 1918
• why was the creation of Weimar republic difficult

  external pressure, unrest in country (due to defeat and treaty of versailles and abduction of kaiser)
• what happened to germanys military under ToV

  only allowed 100,000 men, conscription band, six battleships, no submarines no Air Force, no soldiers
• What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles?

  War Guilt Clause
• what happened to germanys land under ToV

  lost 10% of land, lost empire, coalfields
• How many assassinations were there from 1919 to 21

  376
• When was the Spartacist uprising?


  January 1919
• What causes Spartacist uprising?

  January 4, Eichorn sacked 2000s of what workers went on strike (100,000 January 6th)
• What happens in the Spartacist uprising and what was the goal?

  Took over government newspaper aim to take over Germany as a communist country
• How did the Spartacist uprising end?

  Ebert ordered Friekorps to stop 13th of January it stopped, 16th of January leaders killed
• who are the Friekorp?

  Group of right wing nationalist ex- soldiers. They hate the treaty of versailles and feel that they never lost World War I.
• When was the Kapp Putsch?

  March 1920
• how did the Kapp putsch happen?

  march 20th Freikorp, led by Wolfgang Kapp, due to being disbanded and Fear of unemployment. 5000 of them marched in Berlin and put forward Kapp as politician and declared new government.
• why did the Kapp putsch happen?

  Freikorps hated Weimar republic
• how did the kapp putsch end?

  old government fled, strikes and essential services ended. after 4 days kapp couldn't govern
• When was the Ruhr Crisis?


  January 1923
• how did the ruhr crisis start and why

  Germany couldn't pay reparations in 1922 December. They failed to send ruhr coal to France
• what happened first in the ruhr crisis

  french send troops to ruhr, to take payment in raw materials. 11th jan 1923, 60,000 french takeover
• What were the events of the Munich Putch?


  9th nov 1923 hitler, ludendorff and 1000 SA members march to munich, police are prepared and kill 14 and hitler is arrested
• how did Germany react to ruhr crisis and what did France do?

  workers went on strike, ruhr production stops.

  so French bring in their own workers (causes violence) and arrests them
• How many soldiers did the French army have?

  750,000
• what did the ruhr crisis cause for Germany other than hyperinflation?

  increase debts, unemployment, worsened shortages
• how does the ruhr crisis and hyperinflation link?

  Weimar Republic print more money to pay strikers and make up for the loss of coal/iron
• 3 reasons munich putch failed

  hit the fail to get army support, lack of support from Kahr/lossow (prepared munich) no support of people
• short term consequences of munich putch?

  nazis banned, hitler in jail and looks like a coward. 32 seats in 1924
• why was hitlers trail positive for nazis?

  national press (used to attack republic), short prison time

  hitler wrote the main kampf
• whats included in 25 point plan

  destroy ToV, expel jews, build army, racist and socialist ideas
• when did nazi party relaunch

  1925
• How did the price of bread change during hyperinflation?

  One mark in 1919 to 200,000 billion marks in 1923
• What are the positives in the negatives of hyperinflation?

  positives: owed money value decreases, workers do well ,wages increase

  negatives: normal living, impossible, mass, poverty, starvation, bankrupt
• when did Stresseman become chancellor?


  August 1923
• what were four things Stresemann did to fix economic problems and how?

  1) Dawes plan 1924- reduced reparations to 50 million a year, industry grows by 40%

  2) introduces new currency- Rentenmark to end hyperinflation, once reset prices, replaced by Reichsmark, trusted currency

  3) ends ruhr crisis

  4) Young plan 1919, 6 billion to 2 billion and +59 years to pay off reparations. gov can reduce taxes
• What is the Locarno Treaty?

  1925 UK, France and Belgium accepted new border, and France promised, peace
• what was signed in 1928 by Stresemann

  Kellog Braind pact- peace talks
• what are the results to Stresemann actions?

  germans happier with government, restored national pride and europe see germany as respectable
• how did work of stresseman bring stability o german politics

  coalitions work together, decisions came be made

  Hindenburg as president 1925

  people are happier
• How many cinemas were there in the golden age?

  3800 in 1932
• how much did the nazis get of the vote in 1928 during the golden age

  2% 12 seats