Module 7

• Values or good moral values


  once they are habitually practiced, they turned into virtues.
• VALUE


  comes from the Latin word 'VALERE' which means 'to be of worth.
• By John Dewey, "Value means primarily, to price, to esteem, to appraise, to estimate.
• Human values


  the virtues that guide us to take into account human element when one interacts with one other human being. They are our feelings for the human essence of others.
• Types of Human Values

  sanctity of human life,

  peace,

  human dignity,
• MORAL VALUES


  are principles that govern our lives and beliefs that make us realize the importance of life, the goals that we want to attain or accomplish in life.
• VALUES


  are anything that motivates people which they really care about.
• Types of Moral Values

  ACCEPTANCE:

  COMPASSION:

  COURAGE:

  EQUALITY:

  FAIRNESS:

  GENEROSITY:

  HONESTY:

  INTEGRITY:

  KINDNESS:

  PERSEVERANCE:

  POLITENESS:

  RESPECT:

  RESPONSIBILITY:

  SELF-CONTROL:
• ACCEPTANCE:


  having an objective attitude toward others' ideas and practices that differ from your own.
• COMPASSION:


  understanding the suffering of others or self and wanting to do something about it
• COURAGE:


  willingness to do difficult things.
• EQUALITY:


  believing everyone deserves equal rights and to be treated with respect.
• FAIRNESS:


  acting in a just way, sharing appropriately
• GENEROSITY:


  willingness to give resources, help or time to others
• HONESTY:


  being truthful and sincere
• INTEGRITY:


  sticking to your moral and ethical principles and values
• KINDNESS:


  being considerate and treating others well
• PERSEVERANCE:


  persisting in a course of action, belief or purpose
• POLITENESS:


  using good manners, acting in socially acceptable ways
• RESPECT:


  showing consideration for the worth of someone or something
• RESPONSIBILITY:


  being reliable in your obligations
• SELF-CONTROL:


  staying in control of your words and behavior
• Formation of Moral Values


  Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which govern an individual's

  behavior and choices. Individual's morals may derive from society and government, religion, or self.
• Greek wisdom, knowledge is inborn, while virtue is the knowledge and

  practice of good habit, virtue is likewise a natural endowment.
• CARDINAL VIRTUES

  PRUDENCE

  JUSTICE

  TEMPERANCE

  FORTITUDE
• PRUDENCE


  is the virtue of knowing what to do under peculiar circumstances which enables one to see the best means to approach a given situation.
• JUSTICE


  is a virtue of giving anyone his/her due under no condition.
• TEMPERANCE


  is the virtue of curbing or managing the sensitive appetites.
• FORTITUDE


  is a virtue of keeping resolute in the face of overwhelming odds.
• THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES

  FAITH

  HOPE

  CHARITY
• FAITH


  is the virtue of believing in God's word without seeing.
• HOPE


  is the virtue of keeping trust in Divine Providence.
• CHARITY


  is the virtue of loving God and His creatures.
• Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas - is the conviction that ethics is fundamentally related to what kind of persons we are.
• Moral character 


  is formed by one's actions.
• human beings


  are body/soul unities, actions of the body are actions of the self, that is, human beings are self-possessing, self-governing, and self- determining.
• In order to be of good character, one must know the good, act in morally good ways, and be disposed and inclined toward the good through the development of virtues.
• Character and action


  are intertwined so intimately that one's professional duties, or even what is perceived by others as one's duties, cannot override one's conscience without negatively affecting (and changing) one's character.
• theory of Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral development


  moral development of most people begins with a desire to avoid personal punishment and may evolve over time to a desire to make the world a better and more just place for all people.
• Kohlberg's theory


  focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one decides whether a behavior is right or wrong.