Intro to Psych

• Learning


  Permanent change in behavior due to experience
• Types of learning


  • Associative learning
  • Cognitive learning
• Associative learning


  Forming simple associations between stimuli and response
• Cognitive learning


  Thinking and understanding a concept to apply it
• Classical conditioning


  Learning through a stimulus/association
• Pavlovian terms


  • Unconditioned stimulus
  • Unconditioned response
  • Conditioned stimulus
  • Conditioned response
  • Neutral stimulus
• Principles of classical conditioning

  • Acquisition
  • Respondent reinforcement
  • Higher order conditioning
• Cognition in classical conditioning

  • Information view: trying to associate things with events (why do I have this belief?)
  • Expectancy: expectation about how events are connected
• Classical conditioning processes


  • Extinction
  • Spontaneous recovery
  • Stimulus generalization
  • Stimulus discrimination
• Operant conditioning


  Learning through punishment
• Reinforcer


  Something that makes the likelihood of a response stronger
• Timing of reinforcement


  • Superstitious behavior
• Operant conditioning processes


  • Operant extinction
  • Negative attention
• Types of reinforcement


  • Positive reinforcement
  • Negative reinforcement
• Types of punishment


  • Positive punishment
  • Negative punishment
• Operant reinforcers


  • Primary reinforcers
  • Secondary reinforcers
• Feedback


  • Knowledge of results
  • Knowledge of correct response
  • Elaboration
• Schedules of reinforcement


  • Continuous reinforcement
  • Partial reinforcement
• Partial reinforcement schedules


  • Fixed ratio
  • Variable ratio
  • Fixed interval
  • Variable interval
• Stimulus control


  Controlling the response to control the consequences
• Operant conditioning processes


  • Operant stimulus generalization
  • Discrimination
• Downsides of punishment


  • Creates uncomfortable emotions
  • Escaped learning
  • Avoidance learning