General Physics 1

• Physics - a branch of physical science that deals with the relationship between matter and energy, laws that govern the nature such as force, light and energy.
• Physics uses math as its language.
• Areas of Physics

  1. Mechanics
  2. Thermodynamics
  3. Optics
  4. Waves
  5. Electricity and Electronics
• Physical quantities - described the outside physical characteristics of matter like length, area, volume, mass, height, diameter, and many others.
• Physical quantities

  1. Fundamental or basic
  2. Derived or combination
• Measurement - is a process of describing physical quantities by comparing them to a given standard value using a unit.
• Fundamental Physical Quantity:

  1. Mass - kilogram/kg
  2. Length - meter/m
  3. Time - second/s
  4. Temperature - kelvin/K
  5. Amount of substance - mole/mol
  6. Electric current - ampere/A
  7. Luminous intensity - candela/cd
• m = mass

  l = length

  t = time

  T = temperature

  N, mol = amount of substance

  I = electric current

  L = luminous intensity
• Derived Physical Quantities

  1. Area - sq. meter or m2
  2. Density - kilogram per liter or kg/i
  3. Volume - liter or li
  4. Force - Newton or N
  5. Power - watt or w
  6. Speed - meter per second or m/s
  7. Acceleration - meter per second squared or m/s2
• 1 inch = 2.54 cm
• 1 ft = 0.305 m
• 1 yard = 0.914 m
• 1 mile = 1.61 km
• 1 m = 3.28ft
• 1 min = 60 sec
• 1 hr = 60 mins
• 1 day = 24 hrs
• 1 month = 30 days
• 1 year = 365 days
• 1 ounce = 28.3 g
• 1 lbs = 0.454kg
• 1 g = 100mg
• 1 kg = 1000g
• 1 kg = 2.22lbs
• celsius to farenheit:

  F = 9/5(C+32)
• Fahrenheit to celsius:

  C = 5/9(F-32)
• Celsius to Kelvin:

  K = C + 273.15
• standard - the known quantity fixed by international agreement
• SI unit - meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, candela
• Systems of Measurement

  1. Metric System(SI) - MKS: meter, kg, second
  2. English System - FPS: foot, pound, second
• Benefits of Metrication(SI unit)

  1. It is easier to learn, remember and apply
  2. It makes calculations simpler than in English System
  3. There is uniformity in measurement
• Fundamental quantities - properties that cannot be described in simpler terms other than how they are measured. Ex: length, mass, time, temperature, luminous intensity, current and amount of substance
• length - the distance between two endpoints

  SI unit - meter(m)
• mass - measure of the amount of matter in an object

  SI unit - kilogram(kg)
• time - an interval marked by similar events, conditions or phenomena

  SI unit - second(s)
• temperature - the degree of hotness or coldness of a subject

  SI unit - Kelvin(K)
• luminous intensity - the quantity of visible light that is emitted in unit time per unit angle

  SI unit - candela(cd)
• electric current - amount of charges that flow per unit time

  measured in unit ampere(A)
• amount of substance - the ratio between the number of elementary entities and avogadro's constant

  SI unit - mole(M)
• derived quantities - derived from combinations of two or more fundamental quantities

  Examples:

  Area L x W m²

  Volume L x L x L m³

  Velocity d/t m/s

  Density m/v kg/m³

  Force m x a kg x m/s²