Deprivation

• The Gini co-efficient/ Gini Index:

  The lower the score the more equality

  0 = complete equality, 100 = complete inequality

  Shows income inequality, between countries has decreased overtime but increased within a country
• The World Happiness Report

  Ranks 155 countries from 1-10 in terms of happiness

  Survey 1000 people from, each country

  Measured based on:

  • GDP per capita
  • Social support
  • Healthy life expectancy
  • People's perceptions of their freedom, generosity and perception of corruption
• What is deprivation: 


  The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be the basic necessities in a society
• Characteristics of deprivation:

  • Low educational attainment
  • Unemployment
  • Reliance on benefits
  • Crime
  • Poor diet and health
  • Low wages
  • Cheap housing
  • Access to water and sanitation
  • Poor recreational and leisure facilities
  • Dereliction
• Government measure of deprivation; IMD (Index of Multiple Deprivation) 


  Official measure of relative deprivation in England and is part of a suite of outputs that form Indices of Deprivation (IoD)

  People may be considered to be living in poverty if they lack financial resources to meet their needs, but those are deprived if they lack any kind of resources, not6 just income
• 7 domains of Deprivation:

  1. Income
  2. Employment
  3. Health deprivation and disability
  4. Education, skills training
  5. Crime
  6. Barriers to housing and serviced
  7. Living environment

  But difficult to pin down deprivation to one factor e.g. political, social ,financial and env, instead as shown by the UK's Government IMD and the web of inner city decline, despair and deprivation, they are interconnected