Aqueous ions

• iron(II) aqueous ion

  [Fe(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

  green solution
• iron(II) addition of NaOH

  Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

  green ppt goes brown on standing in air
• iron(II) XS ammonia (aq)

  no further change
• iron(II) addition of NH3 (aq)

  Fe(H2O)4(Oh)2 (s)

  green ppt goes brown on standing in air
• iron(II) XS NH3(aq)


  no further change
• iron(II) addition of Na2CO3(aq)

  FeCO3 (s)

  green ppt
• copper(II) aqueous ion

  [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq)

  blue soln
• copper(II) addition of NaOH

  Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

  blue ppt
• copper(II) XS NaOH

  no further change
• copper(II) addition of NH3 (aq)

  Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 (s)

  blue ppt
• copper (II) addition of XS NH3 (aq)

  [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+

  deep blue soln
• copper(II) addition of Na2CO3 (aq)

  CuCO3(s)

  blue-green ppt
• iron(III) aqueous ion

  [Fe(H2O)6]3+

  purple soln

  -may look yellow-brown due to some [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2- (aq)
• iron(III) addition of NaOH

  Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

  brown ppt

  -ppt may look orange-brown
• iron(III) addition of XS NaOH (aq)

  no further change
• iron(III) addition of NH3 (aq)

  Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

  brown ppt

  -ppt may look orange-brown
• iron(III) addition of XS NH3 (aq)

  no further change
• iron(III) addition of Na2CO3 (aq)

  Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

  brown ppt

  -ppt may look orange-brown

  -CO2 gas produced
• aluminium (III) aqueous ion

  [Al(H2O)6]3+ (aq)

  colourless soln
• aluminium(III) addition of NaOH

  Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

  white ppt
• aluminium (III) addition of XS NaOH (aq)

  [Al(OH)4]- (aq)

  colourless soln
• aluminium(III) addition of NH3 (aq)

  Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

  white ppt
• aluminium(III) addition of XS NH3 (aq)

  no further change
• aluminium (III) addition of Na2CO3 (aq)

  Al(H2O)3(OH)3 (s)

  -white ppt

  -CO2 gas produced
• iron(II) addition of conc HCl

  [FeCl4]2-

  yellow soln
• copper (II) addition of HCl

  [CuCl4]2-

  green soln
• iron(III) addition of HCl

  [FeCl4]-

  yellow soln
• aluminium(III) addition of HCl

  [AlCl4]-

  colourless soln