Food

• Chemical formula for carbohydrates


  C6H1206
• Elements in carbohydrates


  Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
• Ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen to carbs

  2:1
• Types of carbohydrates


  Monosaccharides, Diasaccharides, Polysaccharides
• Example of a monosaccharides + where they're found

  Glucose/Fructose + Fruits/Honey
• Example of a diasaccharide + where they're found

  Lactose/Maltose/Sucrose + Milk/Table Sugar
• Examples of polysaccharides + where they're found

  Starch/Glycogen/Cellulose/Chitin + Bread/Rice/Pasta
• Differences between fats and lipids

  Fats are solid at room temperature, Lipids are oil. Lipids have no specific ratio of hydrogen and oxygen
• Smallest sub-unit of lipid + composition

  Triglyceride + one glycerol molecule, three fatty acids
• Phospholipid composition


  One glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, one phosphate group
• Fat soluble vitamins


  A, D, E, K
• Water soluble vitamins


  B, C
• Vitamin C function + sources + deficiency disease

  Helps build connective tissues, citrus fruits, scurvy - bleeding gums and loose teeth
• Vitamin D function + sources + deficiency disease

  Helps absorb calcium + dairy, sunlight, egg yolk + rickets - bowing of legs / osteomalacia - bones lose calcium
• Elements in protein


  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
• Sources of protein 


  Lean meat, fish, eggs, soya
• Possible elements in protein

  Sulfur, iron, phosphorus
• Amino acids are the...

  Building blocks of protein, joined together by peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain
• Structural role of carbohydrates

  Give cells strength ie. cellulose, chitin, lignin
• Structural protein example


  Keratin - hair, skin, nails
• Structural lipids


  Myelin, insulates electrical impulses
• Metabolic role of carbs + lipids

  Primary sources of energy - glucose immediate, lipids long-term storage
• Extra lipids are stored as...

  Fat
• Carbs are stored in our muscles and liver in the form of...

  Glycogen, a storage polysaccharide
• Enzymes are...


  A biological catalyst, control the rate of reactions in cell
• Hormones are...


  Regulators of metabolic activity, insulin brings blood sugar levels down
• Vitamin C is also known as

  Ascorbic acid
• Vitamin D is also known as 


  Calciferol
• Minerals in plants...


  Form soft tissue bodies, form part of a rigid body structures
• Calcium in plants


  Make calcium pectate, glue that holds cell walls together
• Magnesium in plants


  Makes the pigment chlorophyll
• Calcium in animals


  Makes bones, teeth
• Iron in animals


  Makes haemoglobin
• Why is water necessary to living organisms?

  Universal solvent, medium for metabolism, slow to heat up and cool down, strong adhesive properties, good absorber of energy
• Anabolic reactions


  Makes smaller molecules into bigger, more complex ones using enzymes - ex. photosynthesis
• Catabolic reactions


  Makes bigger molecules into smaller ones using enzymes ie. respiration, digestion