Genetics and Evolution | DNA

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binkelbonk

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Cards (89)

  • Chromosomes are composed of
    40% DNA
    60% Histone/Protein
  • Chromosomes when not dividing are...
    Long, thin threads of chromatin
  • A single chromosome strand is called a
    Chromatid
  • A gene is

    A short section of DNA that contains a code for the production of a protein
  • Coding DNA

    The length of DNA where a gene is located, only 3% of a gene
  • Where are chromosomes in the cell?
    Nucleus
  • Scientists who first discovered DNA's structure
    Watson and Crick
  • What are the two DNA strands composed of?
    Alternating sugar molecules - 5-carbon sugar deoxyribose and phosphates
  • Thymine and Cytosine are Pyrimidine bases. What do they pair with?
    Adenine and Guanine
  • What is a nucleotide composed of?
    Deoxyribose/sugar, a phosphate group, nitrogenous base ie. thymine
  • Aside from RNA being single stranded and DNA being double stranded, name another difference
    Uracil replaces thymine in RNA
    DNA is found in the nucleus and a small amount in the chloroplast and mitochondria, RNA is found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
    DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose
  • How does DNA replicate?
    The DNA unwinds
    The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds
    New nucleotides enter
    DNA polymerase assembles the strands
    DNA rewinds
  • Cell continuity

    Life comes from pre-existing life, and this is vital for growth and for life to continue / all cells develop from pre-existing cells
  • What is DNA profiling
    The process of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person that can be used to distinguish the DNA from another person's DNA.
  • What can be used as a tissue sample?
    Blood smear, hair follicle, semen
  • What are the steps involved in DNA profiling?
    Isolation, Cutting, Separating, Comparing
  • Why do twins have identical DNA?
    They come from the same zygote thus have the same genotype
  • Uses of DNA profiling
    Forensic science, maternity/paternity testing
  • What happens after a DNA error?
    The genes become dysfunctional and don't produce a working protein
  • Genetic screening

    Testing a person's DNA for the presence or absence of a particular gene or altered gene
  • Applications of genetic screening + common genetic conditions in Ireland
    To access the risk of a parent passing a genetic condition onto their children + Cystic fibrosis, haemochromatosis