Grade 8 Science Review: Cells

• The control center of the cell is the _______.

  Nucleus
• The part of the cell that is the storage area of water and nutrients is the _______.

  Vacuole
• The watery material that is found in most of the cell is the ______.

  Cytoplasm
• The rigid part that surronds the cell that provides stability and protection is called the _____ _____.

  Cell Wall
• The ______ is the part of the cell that contains chlorophyll and is the place of photosynthesis.

  Chloroplast
• The powerhouse of the cell is the ________.

  Mitochondria
• Tiny organelles that manufacture proteins are called ______.

  Ribosomes
• The folded organelle that makes proteins is caleld the ______ ______.

  Endoplasmic Reticilum
• The folded organelle that combines proteins made by ER and transports them is called the ______ _____.

  Golgi Apparatus
• The cell that breaks down food, digests waste, and is found in only animal cells is called ______/

  Lysosomes
• The thin covering that contains the cytoplasm (plant and animal) and controls movement into and out of the cell is called _____ ______.

  Cell Membrane
• Photos taken with microscopes are called _______.

  Micrographs
• What type of membrane do plant and animal cells have?

  Cell Membrane
• What type of microscopes are typically used in classrooms?

  Compound Microscope
• What type of microscope would you use to see cell organelles such as the mitochondria?

  Light Microscope
• Name the process that moves substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, without using energy?

  Diffusion
• If you put a cell into a solution with a high concentration of salt, would it swell up or shrivel?

  Shrivel
• What is the diffusion of water called?

  Osmosis
• Name three groups of unicellular organisms.

  Phytoplankton, Bacteria, Amoeba
• ______ means it can be easily permeated or penetrated.

  Permeable
• _____ means cannot be passed through.

  Impermeable
• _____ ______ refers to the property of a barrier, such as a cell membrane, that allows only certain substances to pass through

  Selective permeatibility
• ____ ______ movement of substances into and out of cells; involves several different processes, such as diffusion and osmosis.

  Cellular Transport
• What are the whip-like tail that helps animal cells move called?

  Flagellum
• What are the tiny hairs found on the outside of animal cells called?

  Cilia
• A _____ moves by changing shape and forcing its cytoplasm into extensions called _______.

  Amoeba Pseudopods
• The number of types of cells in a multicellular organism depends on the ______ of the cell.

  Complexibility
• The ____ is a simple multicellular organism with “skin” cells on the outside and digestive cells on the inside.

  Hydra
• ____ cells control what goes in and out of the organism.

  Skin
• ____ cells have calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate is deposited around the cell, educed endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.

  Bone
• _________ cells have more mitochondria since they need more energy to allow organisms to move.

  Muscle
• ____ cells transmit electrical impulses along pathways to the brain.

  Nerve
• ____ cells receive and transmit electrical impulses.

  Brain
• ____ cells store energy in the form of fat, which can be accessed and burned when resources for fuel are low.

  Fat
• ____ cells specialize in photosynthesis.

  Leaf
• _____ cells are used to transport food and water, store food and support the plant.

  Stem
• ____ cells store food, absorb water from the soil and transport water and nutrients to the stem.

  Root
• ____ cells have lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

  Leaf
• Name five different types of cells that can me found in the human body.

  Skin Bone Nerve Brain Fat
• Name three different types of plant cells.

  Leaf Root Stem