ICT

• Information and Communication Technology (ICT)


  Technologies used for communication, data management, and information sharing
• History and Evolution of ICT


  1. Development of early computers such as ENIAC and UNIVAC

  2. Emergence of the Internet and modern computing technologies
• Hardware Components


  • Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner
  • Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers
  • Storage Devices: Hard drives, Solid-State Drives (SSDs), USB drives
  • Processing Units: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
  • Memory: Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM)
• Software Components


  • System Software: Operating systems such as Windows, macOS, Linux
  • Application Software: Word processors, spreadsheets, media players
  • Utility Software: Antivirus, disk cleanup tools
• Peripheral Devices


  • Printers, scanners, external drives
• Types of Operating Systems

  • Desktop Operating Systems (OS) such as Windows, macOS, Linux
  • Mobile Operating Systems (OS) such as iOS, Android
• Functions of an Operating System (OS)

  • Managing hardware resources
  • File management
  • User interface
• Software Installation and Management

  1. Installing applications

  2. Updating software

  3. Uninstalling programs
• Types of Networks


  • Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN)
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
  • Personal Area Network (PAN)
• Network Topologies


  • Star
  • Bus
  • Ring
  • Mesh
• Internet Basics


  • Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
  • Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
  • Domain Name System (DNS)
• Web Browsers and Search Engines

  • Chrome
  • Firefox
  • Google
  • Bing
• Web Services


  • Email
  • Cloud storage
  • Streaming
• Cybersecurity Threats


  • Viruses
  • Malware
  • Phishing
• Cybersecurity Protection Measures


  • Firewalls
  • Antivirus software
  • Strong passwords
• Data Types and Formats

  • Text
  • Images
  • Audio
  • Video
• File Formats


  • .txt
  • .jpg
  • .mp3
  • .mp4
• Database Management Systems (DBMS)

  • Structured Query Language (SQL)
  • MySQL
  • Oracle
• Database Operations


  1. Creating

  2. Reading

  3. Updating

  4. Deleting (CRUD)
• Data Organization


  • Tables
  • Records
  • Fields
• Backup Methods


  • External drives
  • Cloud storage
• Word Processing


  • Creating, editing, and formatting documents
  • Templates, styles, tables, images
• Spreadsheets


  • Creating and formatting spreadsheets
  • Functions and formulas
  • Data visualization using charts and graphs
• Presentations


  • Designing slides
  • Adding multimedia elements
  • Presentation techniques
• Database Software


  • Creating and managing databases
  • Querying data
  • Generating reports
• Multimedia


  Text, images, audio, video
• Image Editing Software


  Adobe Photoshop, GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP)
• Image Editing Tools


  • Cropping, resizing, color correction
• Video Editing Software


  Adobe Premiere Pro, iMovie
• Video Editing Techniques


  • Cutting, transitions, effects
• Audio Editing Software


  Audacity, GarageBand
• Audio Editing Operations


  • Trimming, mixing, adding effects
• Programming Concepts


  Variables, data types, control structures
• Common Programming Languages


  • Python
  • Java
  • C++
• Web Development


  • HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): Structure and styling of web pages
  • JavaScript: Adding interactivity
  • Frameworks: Bootstrap, React
• Mobile App Development


  • For Android and iOS
  • Tools such as Android Studio, Xcode
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)


  Basics of AI and machine learning
• AI Applications


  • In various fields
• Internet of Things (IoT)


  Concept and components of IoT
• IoT Examples


  • Smart homes, wearable devices