Unit 7

• Closed ended Questions


  Offer respondents a limited number of response options
• Cluster Sampling


  Clusters of individuals are identified and sampled, then all individuals in each cluster are included in the sample
• Confidence interval


  Serves as a range of plausible values that are likely to be observed, if the study was repeated

  • Wider confidence interval the more uncertainty
• Convenience Sampling


  Non probability sampling that involves selecting participants based on how easily attainable they are
• External Validity


  The degree to which study results may be generalized to the population from which the sample was taken
• Focus Group


  A qualitative method of data collection in which six to ten people are interviewed together about a particular topic
• Graphic rating scale


  A type of closed ended response scale where two words appear on either side of a solid line. The participant places a mark and then that mark is measured in terms of distance from one end
• Inattentive Responding


  Responding to survey questions without reading the question
• Interviewer Bias 


  Intentional or unintentional influence on a respondent exerted by an interviewer which might encourage certain responses
• Non Probability Sampling


  A type of sampling where one can't specidy the probability that any member of the population will be included in the sample
• Open ended Questions


  Allow respondents to answer in anyway they want
• Panel Study


  In survey research, administering questions to the same people at two or more points in time
• Population


  The group of people of interest to the researcher that the sample os drawn from
• Probability Sampling 


  Sampling procedure where one can specify the probability that any member of the population will be included in the sample
• Purposive Sampling


  Type of convenience sampling procedure conducted to obtain predetermined types of individuals for the sample
• Quote Sampling


  The sample is chosen to reflect the numerical composition of various subgroups in the population
• Random Sampling


  When everyone in a given population is equally likely to have been selected to participate in the study
• Rating scale


  Closed ended response option that asks participants to indicate the degree to which they agree with a particular statement
• Response Rate


  The percentage of people selected for a sample who actually complete a survey
• Response set


  A pattern of responding to questions that is not related to the content of the questions themselves and then provides inaccurate information
• Sampling


  The process of choosing members of a population of interest to be included in a sample that is studied
• Sampling error 


  The degree to which the estimate based on a sample deviates from the true population value
• Sampling frame


  The individuals in a population who might actually be selected for inclusion in the sample
• Semantic Differential Scale


  A type of closed ended response where two words appear on either side of a series of dash lines participants then place a mark on the dash indicating their preference for either word
• Simple Random Sample


  Each member of the population has an equal probability of being included in the sample
• Stratified Random Sampling


  The population is divided into strata followed by random sampling from each stratum
• Survey Research


  Questionnaires and interviews carefully designed to gather information from people about themselves
• Yea-saying or nay-saying response sets


  When the respondent agrees or disagrees with the majority of questions being asked, regardless of the question content

  • produces error in measurement