ANEMIA

• HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN ANEMIA

  Mild anemia - 9 to 11 g/dl

  Moderate anemia - 7 to 10 g/dl

  Severe anemia - Less than 7 g/dl

  Anemia in newborns - Less than 14 g/dl
• NORMAL RBC MORPHOLOGY


  Size: 6-8 um

  Disc-shaped

  Inclusion bodies: Absent
• ANISOCYTOSIS: Variation in cell size


  RDW: Red Cell Distribution Width ( 12-17% )

  ❖ measures degree of ANISOCYTOSIS

  ❖ differentiates IDA (↑) from thalassemia (N to ↓)

  
  

  Normal RBC size (6-8um)

  Normal MCV (80-100 fl)
• HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT 


  ANISOCHROMIA: variation in the hemoglobin content

  NORMOCHROMIC

  ❖ Normal amount of hemoglobin & normal color

  ❖ Central pallor area: 1/3 of the diameter of the cell

  ❖ MCHC = Hb (g/dL)/ Hct %x 100

  ❖ Reference range: 32-36 g/dL
• Hypochromia Grading


  Area of central pallor is 1/2 of cell diameter - 1+

  Area of pallor is 2/3 of the cell diameter - 2+

  Area of pallor is 3/4 of the cell diameter - 3+

  Thin rim of hemoglobin - 4+
• POLYCHROMASIA


  ❖ BLUE-GRAY coloration

  ❖ Increased erythropoietic activity
• Membrane Abnormalities

  Acanthocyte

  Echinocyte

  Codocyte

  Spherocyte

  Stomatocyte

  Elliptocyte

  Ovalocyte
• Trauma

  Schistocyte

  Micropoikilocyte

  Dacryocyte

  Crescent cell
• Abnormal Hgb Content


  Sickle cell