Predicting Traits

• Punnett Squares


  Punnett squares predict genetic outcomes by crossing alleles, showing possible offspring genotypes in a simple graphical representation.

  
• Pedigrees


  Pedigree chart is genetic history of family over generations and helps identify genetic disorders which may be passed on through generations
• 5 Inherited Traits

  1. Autosomal Dominant: Trait appears in every generation; affected individuals have at least one affected parent.
  2. Autosomal Recessive: Trait may skip generations; affected individuals can have unaffected parents.
  3. X-Linked Dominant: Trait appears in every generation; affected fathers pass to all daughters.
  4. X-Linked Recessive: More males affected; daughters of affected fathers are carriers, sons have a 50% chance of being affected.
  5. Y-Linked: Trait only appears in males; passed from father to all sons, no transmission to daughters.