FACTORS

• FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTION?

  • temperature
  • pH
  • substrate concentration
  • enzyme concentration
  • inhibitors
• WHAT HAPPENS IF TEMPERATURE IS TOO LOW?

  not enough KE for successful collisions between enzyme and substrate
• WHAT HAPPENS IF TEMPERATURE IS TOO HIGH?

  enzymes denature therefore active site changes shape so E-S complexes cannot form
• WHAT HAPPENS IF pH IS TOO HIGH/LOW?

  • interfere with changes in AAs in active site
  • can break bonds in tertiary structure
  • active site changes shape
  • enzyme denatures
  • fewer E-S complexes form
• WHAT HAPPENS IF THERE IS INSUFFICIENT SUBSTRATE?

  slower reaction as there are fewer collisions
• WHAT HAPPENS IF THERE IS TOO MUCH SUBSTRATE?

  active sites saturated
• WHAT HAPPENS IF THERE IS INSUFFICIENT ENZYME?

  active sites saturated with substrate so they are unable to work faster
• WHAT HAPPENS IF THERE IS TOO MUCH ENZYME?

  empty active sites due to insufficient substrate
• COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS?

  same shape a substrate, bind to active site, prevent E-S complexes from forming
• WHAT HAPPENS IF SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION IS INCREASED IN COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS?

  flood inhibitors and knock them out the active sites
• NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS?

  bind to allosteric site, causes active site to change shape, so no E-S complexes can form
• WHAT HAPPENS IF SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION IS INCREASED IN NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS?

  substrate can no longer bind to active site even if the concentration is increased