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• Development


  An acceptable standard of quality of life or the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, use of technology and human welfare.
• Quality of life


  The well-being of a person or a group.
• GNI per capita


  The dollar value of a country's final income divided by the number of people in the population.
• Inequality


  The social and ecomomic differences between different people, groups or nations that impacts on development and quality of life.
• HICs


  Countries that are generally well-developed.
• LICs


  Countries that are developing.
• NEEs


  Countries that are developing rapidly and becoming richer, usually through industrialisation.
• HDI


  A summary of a country's human development.
• Poverty


  When a person or family cannot afford or gain access to basic needs such as food, housing, water and healthcare.
• Causes of Poverty


  Lack of jobs, lack of education, conflict, lack of food and water, Climate, Natural hazards, politics, lack of healthcare.
• Explain the causes of Poverty

  Poor sanitation affects food and water, Religious groups cause conflict, Families can't escape poverty because of lack of education.
• Conolialism


  When a nation exploits large areas of the world.
• Imperialism


  When a nation forcefully imposes its authority over other nations using military force or other means.
• Annexation


  When something is taken from another nation without permission.
• Reserves


  Large sources of natural resources such as oil or gold.
• Treaty


  A formal binding agreement between two or more countries.
• The resource curse


  Countries with an abundance of natural resources which have worse development than other countries with fewer natural resources.
• TNCs/Transportational Corporation


  A company that has operations in more than one company.
• GDP


  The monetary value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period of time.
• Advantages of TNCs


  The creation of jobs, more stable income than e.g. farming, improved education and skills, help to exploit natural resources, better developed economic base for the country.
• Disadvantages of TNCs


  Poorer working conditions, damage to the environment by ignoring local laws, profits going to companies overseas rather than locals, little reinvestment in the local area, jobs are insecure, natural resources being over-exploited.
• Weather


  Day to day changes in the atmosphere.
• Climate


  Overall weather conditions in an area over a long period of time or larger areas.
• How are Clouds formed?

  Air rises, sun heats atmosphere and increases kinetic energy, air rises, water vapour in the air cools and condensation occurs, water vapour turns into rain droplets and falls down the sky.
• Air pressure


  The weight of the air pushing down on the earth.
• Natural Hazard


  A threat that will have a negative impact on people or the enviroment.
• Tropical Storms


  A Natural Hazard that brings hazards such as heavy rainfall and storms.
• Climate change


  Change in Global temperatures and precipitation over time, due to natural or human activity.
• Global Warming


  The gradual warming of the Earth's atmosphere.
• The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

  More greenhouse gases build up in the atmoshpere, acting like a thicker 'blanket' around the Earth. More of the sun's radiation is trapped, keeping the Earth warmer.
• The Natural Greenhouse Effect


  When greenhouse gases build up in the atmoshpere, acting like a thick 'blanket' around the Earth. The sun's radiation is trapped, keeping the Earth warm.
• Human causes of climate change

  Worldwide deforestation, Methane produced from sources such as rice fields or cattle, The burning of fossil fuels for transport, Traffic pollution, Melting permafrost in cold deserts releasing large quantities of Methane gas.
• Physical causes of climate change

  Large eruptions (according to certain scientists), Obliquity, Variations is solar energy, eccentricity.
• Mitigation


  Reducing flow of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
• Adaptiation


  Adjusting to future climate.
• Adaptation strategies


  Water transfer schemes, Agriculture schemes, Adapting buildings.
• Explanation for adaption strategies.

  Water transfer adapts to droughts with pipes to transfer water quickly. Agriculture schemes adapt to rising temperatures using different crops that can grow in rising temperatures. Adapting buildings can prevent house floods and adapt to rising temperatures.
• Mitigation strategies


  Carbon capture, Planting trees, Alternative energy sources.
• Explanation for mitigation strategies.

  Carbon capture reduces CO2 emmisions in the atmosphere. Planting trees reduces carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and introduces more animal habitats. Alternative energy sources reduce emmision of CO2 in the atmosphere and other waste gases as less fossil fuels are used.
• Anemometer


  An instrument used to measure wind speed.