The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that determines an organism's characteristics.
Mitochondria produce energy through aerobic respiration.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis.
Cell membranes regulate what enters and exits the cell.
Vacuoles store water, nutrients, or waste products inside plant cells.
Lysosomes break down waste materials within cells.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials within cells.
Mitochondria produce energy through cellular respiration.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing DNA.
Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and wastes inside plant cells.
Cilia and flagella are hair-like structures used by some cells to move or transport substances.
Lysosomes break down unwanted substances within the cell.
Ribosomessynthesizeproteins using instructions from DNA.
DigestiveEnzymes
Biological molecules that breakdownlargemolecules into smallerones, essential for cellularmaintenance and wasteremoval.
Nutrients
Chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain its metabolicprocesses, grow, and maintain its function.
Proteases
Enzymes that breakdownproteins into peptides and amino acids.
Amidases
Enzymes that break downaminoacids into ammonia and carboxylicacids.
Lipases
Enzymes that breakdownfats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Amylases
Enzymes that breakdownstarches into sugars.
Digestive Enzymes
Enzymes that breakdown specific nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, into smallermolecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body.
Persamaan antara Amoeba dan Paramecium
Merupakan organisma unisel
Tidak perlu organisasi sel
Pertukaran bahan berlaku secara terus dengan persekitaran
Tekanan osmosis dikawal secara pengosmokawalaturan
Jenis-jenis Tisu Organisma Hidup
Tisu epithelium
Tisu Otot
Tisu Penghubung
Tisu Saraf
Tisu epithelium
Lapisan pertama permukaan dalam & permukaan luar (kulit) organisma hidup
Otot rangka: membalut tulang rangka, fungsi: mengecut dan mengendur untuk menggerakkan anggota badan
Otot licin: membentuk dinding salur darah, salur pencernaan & salur pembiakan, fungsi: mengecut dan mengendur untuk menghasilkan peristalsis
Otot kardium: membentuk dinding jantung, fungsi: mengecut dan mengendur untuk menghasilkan denyutan jantung
Tisu penghubung
Berfungsi untuk mengisi ruang antara tisu /organ, memberi sokongan struktur/ metabolik kepada tisu / organ, atau menghubungkan antara tisu/organ
Terdiri daripada tisu-tisu: Tendon dan ligament, Tulang dan rawan, Tisu darah, Tisu adipose, Tisu sum-sum dan limfa
Tisu saraf
Sel saraf - neuron: membawa maklumat dalam sistem saraf
Neuron aferen / neuron deria: bawa impuls dari reseptor di organ deria ke otak / saraf tunjang
Interneuron / neuron perantara: memproses / mengintegrasi impuls / maklumat saraf di otak
Neuron eferen / neuron motor: membawa impuls dari otak ke organ efektor
Otot kardium
1. Membentuk dinding jantung
2. Mengecut dan mengendur untuk menghasilkan denyutan jantung
3. Untuk mengepam darah keseluruh badan
Tisu penghubung
Berfungsi untuk: (i) mengisi ruang antara tisu /organ, (ii) memberi sokongan struktur/ metabolik kepada tisu / organ, atau (iii) menghubungkan antara tisu/organ
Tisu-tisu dalam tisu penghubung
Tendon dan ligament
Tulang dan rawan
Tisu darah
Tisu adipose
Tisu sum-sum dan limfa
Tisu saraf
Sel saraf - neuron >> membawa maklumat dalam sistem saraf
Neuron aferen / neuron deria >> bawa impuls dari reseptor di organ deria ke otak / saraf tunjang
Interneuron / neuron perantara >> memproses / mengintegrasi impuls / maklumat saraf di otak
Neuron eferen / neuron motor >> membawa impuls dari otak ke organ efektor
Jenis tisu tumbuhan
Tisu meristem
Tisu epidermis
Tisu vaskular
Tisu asas
Tisu meristem
Meristem apeks, meristem sisi
Giat membahagi secara mitosis untuk menghasilkan sel-sel baru
Untuk pertumbuhan / membaiki tisu rosak
Tisu epidermis
Lapisan paling luar yang melapisi permukaan organ tumbuhan
Melindungi tisu di bawahnya daripada terdehidrat dan jangkitan