Ions

• flame test:

  lithium= crimson

  sodium= yellow

  potassium= liliac

  calcium= orange/red

  copper= green
• copper ii ions + NaOH = blue precipitate copper ii hydroxide
• iron iii ions + NaOH = brown precipitate iron (III) hydroxide
• magnesium iii ions + NaOH = white precipitate magnesium hydroxide
• iron ii + NaOH = green
• how to test for carbonate ion?

  1. add dilute acid to sample
  2. acid will react with the carbonate = CO2 Gas = effervescence
  3. use lime water. if it goes cloudy co2 is present
• how to test for halide ions?

  1. add dilute nitric acid
  2. add dilute silver nitrate
  3. produces a precipitate of sliver halide
• chloride ions with halide ions = white

  bromide with halide= cream

  iodine with halide- yellow
• how to test for sulfate ions?

  1. add diulte HCL
  2. add barium chloride
  3. if present, white preciptate