Part 2

• SA:V


  A way to compare the responsiveness of a cell to its enviroment
• As a cell size increases

  SA:V ratio decreases
• Division of Labor


  cells can specialize and perform functions more efficiently
• Size


  single cell organisms are restricted in size due to surface area to volume limitations
• Interdependance


  if one cell dies, it won't kill the whole organism
• Order of cells hierarchy


  Cells-tissues-organ-organ systems-organisms
• Root system structure


  everything that is below ground unless roots are above ground
• Root system functions


  Anchorage, absorbtion of water and minerals, transport of food and water, reproduction
• Shoot System structure


  everything above the ground including stems,leaves, buds flowers and tubers-which are below ground
• Shoot system functions


  Photosynthesis, trasport of food and minerals, reproduction and storage
• Dermal tissue


  outer layer and is generally one cell thick
• Ground Tissue


  majority of the plant, provides strength, support, storage, and is where photosynthesis occurs
• Vascular Tissue


  responsible for transportation of water, sugars and nutrients
• Examples of dermal tissues


  root hairs, guard cells and lentilles
• Photosynthesis formula


  6co2+6h2o=c6h12o6+6o2
• Examples of vascular tissues

  Xylem and phloem
• Ground tissue/mesophyll


  tissue location of photosynthesis
• Xylem


  transports water
• phloem


  transports sugar and other minerals
• Water is pulled up through plants through a process known as

  Transpiration
• Cohesion


  tendency of water molecules to stick to eachother
• Adhesion


  Attraction of water molecules to the other surfaces, because of polarity
• Transpirational pull


  evaporates from leaves and pulls water from the stomata

  cohesion between water molecules make a chain

  adhesion to side walls of the xylem help plants counteract force of gravity
• Root Pressure


  Minerals are moved into the root from the soil using active transport

  Root is hypertonic to the soil

  root swells due to osmosis, forces water into the xylem
• Area that stores sugar

  sugar sinks
• Sugars are moved from ground tissue into the phloem through

  active transport
• water moves from the xylem to the phloem using

  diffusion/passive transport and osmosis
• Epidermis


  Contains stomata pores which allows for gas exchange in the leaf
• Mesophyll


  Majority of Photosynthesis occurs here
• Cuticle


  Waxy layer that helps to prevent water loss
• Phototropism


  movement of plants due to light
• Gravitropism


  movement of plant in response to gravity
• Tropisms are controlled by hormones called

  auxin
• auxin moves in the stem of the plant in response to

  the position of the sun or position of the plant
• Auxin stimulates growth of cells resulting in

  Cell elongation
• Phototropism


  Stems=positive

  Roots=Negative
• Gravitropism


  Stems=Negative

  Roots=Positive