Plant cells

• Cells


  Organisms are made up of cells. Most organisms are multicellular and have cells that are specialised to do a particular job.
• Microscopes


  Needed to study cells in detail
• Plant cells


  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
  • Chloroplast
  • Cell wall
  • Permanent vacuole
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
• Nucleus


  Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell's activities.
• Cell membrane


  Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• Mitochondria


  Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.
• Ribosomes


  A tiny organelle where protein synthesis occurs.
• Chloroplast


  Organelles that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
• Cell wall


  Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.
• Permanent vacuole


  Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.
• Animal cells may also have vacuoles, but these are small and temporary. In animals, they are commonly used to store or transport substances.