Biology A-level paper 2 (AQA)

• Photosynthesis


  1. Photons of light hit the chlorophyll

  2. Electrons excited and emitted from chlorophyll

  3. Electrons move along electron transfer chain

  4. Energy released

  5. Protons actively transported out of thylakoid membrane

  6. Protons diffuse back through ATP Synthase

  7. ATP produced during photophosphorylation

  8. NADPH produced
• Photoionisation


  Electrons emitted from chlorophyll when excited by photons
• Redox reactions


  Series of reduction and oxidation reactions in the electron transfer chain
• Proton electrochemical gradient


  Difference in proton concentration and electrical charge across the thylakoid membrane
• Photophosphorylation


  Process of producing ATP using the energy from the proton gradient
• NADPH


  Molecule produced at the end of the electron transfer chain by the reaction of protons and electrons with NADP