FINALS L2

• GENDER SENSITIVITY refers to an awareness and understanding of the ways in which gender roles, norms, and expectations shape the experiences and opportunities of individuals and groups
• Gender sensitivity involves recognizing that gender is a social construct that affects all aspects of life, including education, work, health, and politics.
• It also involves being aware of the ways in which gender intersects with other forms of identity and inequality, such as race, ethnicity, class, and sexuality.
• IN PRACTICE, gender sensitivity involves being mindful of the ways in which gender shapes our interactions with others and our perceptions of the world around us. This includes using gender-inclusive language, challenging gender stereotypes and biases, and creating inclusive environments that promote gender equality and respect for all individuals.
• GENDER SENSITIVITY IS IMPORTANT because it helps to promote gender equality and empower individuals and groups who have historically been marginalized or excluded based on their gender
• EFFORTS TO PROMOTE GENDER SENSITIVITY can include training and

  education programs for individuals and organizations, policy and

  programmatic changes that promote gender equality and respect for

  diversity, and public awareness campaigns that challenge harmful

  gender stereotypes and biases
• The topic of WOMEN, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE WORLD is a complex and multifaceted issue that encompasses a range of social, economic, and political factors
• One of the key ways in which women have been empowered isthrough access to education. When women are educated, they are more likely to participate in the labor force, earn higher wages, and have greater decision-making power within their families and communities. Additionally, education can help to break down gender stereotypes and promote more equitable attitudes towards women
• Another important factor in promoting women's development is access to healthcare. Women often face unique health challenges, including maternal mortality, sexual and reproductive health issues, and gender-based violence
• . However, in recent decades, there has been progress in promoting gender equality in the world of work.
• One of the key factors that has helped to promote gender equality in the workplace is the increasing participation of women in the labor force. Women's participation in the labor force has increased significantly over the past few decades, driven by factors such as changing social attitudes towards women's roles, improvements in education and access to training, and the need for two-income households
• However, women still face significant barriers to accessing formal employment and advancing to leadership positions in the workplace. Additionally women often face a "double burden" of balancing work and caregiving responsibilities, which can make it difficult to advance in the workplace.
• This means that women are significantly less likely to be employed or seeking employment than men
• GENDER WAGE GAP: On average, women earn 16% less than men, even when controlling for factors such as education and experience. This gap is even wider for women of color.
• INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT: Women are more likely than men to be employed in the informal sector, where they often have limited social protections and are more vulnerable to exploitation
• LEADERSHIP POSITIONS: Women are significantly underrepresented in leadership positions, holding only 28% of managerial positions globally.
• UNPAID CARE WORK: Women perform the majority of unpaid care work, such as childcare and household chores. This can limit their ability to participate in the labor force and advance in their careers
• ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Women-owned businesses are less common and tend to be smaller than male-owned businesses. Women also face greater challenges accessing financing and business support services.
• COVID-19 PANDEMIC: The pandemic has disproportionately affected women's employment, with women more likely to work in sectors that have been hardest hit, such as hospitality and retail. Women are also more likely to have taken on additional caregiving responsibilities due to school and daycare closures
• When girls are educated, they are less likely to experience violence and more likely to know their rights
• WOMEN'S HEALTH encompasses various aspects of physical, mental, and social well-being that are specific to women. Throughout a woman's life, she experiences unique health concerns and considerations that differ from those of men
• Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia accounted for approximately 86% of global maternal deaths in 2017.
• Depression is the leading cause of disability among women globally. b. Women are more likely than men to experience common mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression.
• The consequences of VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN are far reaching and can have severe physical, emotional, and social implications. It violates women's fundamental human rights, including the rights to life, security, dignity, equality, and freedom from discrimination
• These acts are often driven by power imbalances, patriarchal attitudes, cultural norms, and deeply entrenched gender inequalities.
• • Efforts to address violence against women involve a multi-faceted approach that includes legal measures, social interventions, educational programs, and awareness campaigns
• • Civil society organizations, women's rights activists, and international bodies play a crucial role in advocating for policy reforms, providing support services to survivors, and raising awareness about the issue. T
• Eliminating violence against women requires a comprehensive approach that involves addressing the root causes, such as gender inequality and harmful social norms. I
• Femicide refers to the intentional killing of women based on their gender
• The Philippine government has taken steps to address violence against women through legislation, such as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act (VAWC), the Anti-Rape Law, and the AntiTrafficking in Persons Act
• Sexual violence is often used as a weapon of war to intimidate, demoralize, and exert control over communities.
• Women constitute a significant portion of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees in conflict-affected regions. b. Displacement exposes women to heightened risks of violence, exploitation, and human trafficking
• . The breakdown of social structures and displacement during armed conflict can disrupt traditional gender roles and power dynamics. b. This disruption can create opportunities for women to take on new roles and responsibilities, but it can also expose them to increased risks and challenges
• Research suggests that increased women's representation in politics leads to more inclusive decision-making processes and policies
• The Philippines has had two female presidents in its history. Corazon Aquino served as the 11th President from 1986 to 1992, and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo served as the 14th President from 2001 to 2010.
• The Local Government Code of 1991 in the Philippines mandates the reservation of at least one-third of all seats for women in local legislative councils.
• The Magna Carta of Women, enacted in 2009, promotes women's participation and representation in decision-making bodies, including political and public life.
• DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE GIRL-CHILD refers to the unequal treatment, prejudice, and disadvantages faced by girls solely based on their gender