bio

• Urinary system


  The system responsible for filtering blood, producing urine, and eliminating waste from the body
• Components of the urinary system

  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
• Kidneys


  • Bean-shaped organs, one on the left and one on the right, slightly angled, about the size of a palm, responsible for filtering blood
• Ureter


  Tube that joins the kidney to the bladder
• Bladder


  Muscular bag where urine is stored before urination
• Urethra


  Tube that allows urine to exit the body
• Sphincter


  Special circular muscle that contracts and relaxes involuntarily to control the flow of urine
• Regions of the kidney

  • Cortex
  • Medulla
  • Pelvis (renal pelvis)
• Cortex


  • Outer region of the kidney
• Medulla


  • Inner region of the kidney, consists of fan-shaped structures
• Pelvis (renal pelvis)


  • Innermost part of the kidney where urine collects
• Inferior vena cava


  Blood vessel bringing deoxygenated, filtered blood away from the kidneys
• Aorta


  Blood vessel bringing oxygenated blood with waste to the kidneys
• Renal artery


  Blood vessel bringing oxygenated blood with waste into the kidney
• Renal vein


  Blood vessel taking filtered blood away from the kidney
• Ureter


  Tube that exits the kidney and joins the bladder
• Renal capsule


  Thin, membranous layer that surrounds and protects the kidney
• Pyramids


  • Fan-shaped structures within the kidney made up of collecting tubes
• Papilla


  Pointed end of the pyramids where collecting ducts join
• Renal pelvis

  Hollow cavity within the kidney that collects urine from the pyramids
• Calyx (plural: calyces)


  Funnel-shaped extensions of the renal pelvis that collect urine from the pyramids
• Nephron


  Functional and structural unit of the kidney responsible for filtration
• The nephron is microscopic and cannot be seen with the naked eye
• Nephron


  The functional and structural unit of the kidney
• Filtration in the kidney

  Occurs through the long network of tubes in the nephron
• Afferent arteriole


  The blood vessel that brings blood into the nephron(in)
• Efferent arteriole


  The blood vessel that takes blood out of the nephron (exit)
• Malpighian body


  Also known as the renal corpuscle, contains the bowman's capsule and glomerulus
• Bowman's capsule


  Cup-shaped structure that is part of the malpighian body
• Glomerulus


  Dense network of blood vessels that is part of the malpighian body
• Proximal convoluted tubule


  First, thicker section of the nephron tube
• Loop of Henle


  Thinner section of the nephron tube that goes down and back up
• Distal convoluted tubule


  Thicker, windy tube further away from the glomerulus
• Collecting duct


  Larger tube that collects urine from multiple nephrons
• Terminology recap


  • Ureter
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
  • Sphincter
  • Renal vein
  • Renal artery
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Aorta
  • Kidney
  • Adrenal gland
  • Cortex
  • Medulla
  • Renal capsule
  • Pyramids
  • Calyx
  • Papilla
  • Renal pelvis
• Blood moves from


  CMP

  cortex to medulla to renal pelvis
• Renal capsules prevents


  Infections