dpr 3 science

• Permanent magnet


  Produces its own magnetic field so it is magnetic all the time
• Induced magnet


  A material that becomes magnetic when placed in a magnetic field
• Magnetic field


  The region or space around a magnet where a force acts on another magnet or a magnetic material
• Domain


  A group of spinning electrons, each acting as a tiny magnet
• Non-magnetic materials


  • Domains pointing in all different directions
• Magnetic materials


  • Domains pointing in one direction
• Magnetic metals


  Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, and Steel (an alloy of Iron and Carbon)
• Magnetic poles


  • North and South poles are the areas on a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest
  • Opposite poles attract but the same poles repel
• Earth's core


  Made up of nickel, iron and other metals
• Earth's magnetic field


  • Produced by the spinning core, protects Earth from harmful particles in space
  • Magnetic poles are the opposite of geographic poles
  • Magnetic poles change over time
• Electromagnet


  A magnetic material wrapped in a coiled wire that creates an induced magnetic field
• Advantages of electromagnets

  • Can be turned on and off
  • Strength can be varied
• How to increase strength of electromagnets

  1. Add more coils

  2. Increase the current/voltage
• Examples of electromagnets


  • Scrap heap magnet
• Electromagnets have advantages as you can turn them on and off and vary the strength
• Electromagnets are induced magnets, meaning they become magnetised when entering a magnetic field
• Making an electromagnet


  1. Get equipment (power source, copper wire, iron core, connecting wires, crocodile clips)

  2. Insert connecting wire into power supply

  3. Wrap iron core with copper wire

  4. Connect ends with crocodile clips

  5. Plug in and turn on power supply, slowly increase voltage
• Weight


  Mass x Gravitational field strength
• Mass


  Weight / Gravitational field strength
• DESCU method


  Data, Equations, Substitution, Calculation, Unit
• Planets of the solar system

  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Earth
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • Saturn
  • Uranus
  • Neptune
• It takes Earth 365.25 days to complete one full orbit around the Sun
• IAU


  International Astronomical Union
• Moon


  A natural satellite that orbits a planet
• Our solar system is part of the Milky way galaxy
• Requirements for a celestial body to be a planet

  • Orbit a star
  • Have enough mass to be round
  • Clear its neighbourhood
• Our solar system started to form 4.6 billion years ago
• Formation of our solar system

  1. Cloud of gas (nebula) collapsed to form a disc

  2. Hydrogen atoms fused into helium forming the Sun

  3. Leftover gas clumped together due to gravity forming planets
• Axis


  A real or imaginary line that divides a symmetrical object in two
• Earth's axis


  • Tilted at 23.5 degrees
• Moon's axis


  • Tilted at 5 degrees
• The Moon does NOT rotate on its axis
• Seasons


  • Occur because the axis is tilted
  • Length of days affected by how fast planets spin on their axis
  • Gas Giants spin faster due to less density
• Earth is split into Northern and Southern Hemispheres
• Seasons in hemispheres


  • Summer when tilted towards Sun, Winter when tilted away
  • Spring when North Pole moves towards Sun, Autumn when North Pole moves away
• In winter, it is bright at the South Pole and dark at the North Pole
• Solar Eclipse


  Occurs when the Moon orbits directly between the Sun and the Earth, blocking sunlight
• Lunar Eclipse


  Occurs when the Earth orbits directly between the Sun and the Moon, blocking sunlight to the Moon
• Differences between Solar and Lunar Eclipses

  • Solar Eclipses can last 10 seconds to 7.5 minutes, Lunar Eclipses can last several hours
  • Solar Eclipses have Umbra and Penumbra shadows, Lunar Eclipses have the entire Moon in darkness
• Lunar Cycle


  The cycle of the Moon going through different phases as it orbits the Earth