biogenergetics

• where does photosynthesis take place

  chloroplasts
• what is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis

  6(CO2) + 6(H2O) ---> C6H12O6 + 6(O2)
• how do plants use glucose

  .respiration

  .making cellulose

  .making amino acids

  .stored as oils or fats

  stored as starch
• is photosynthesis exothermic or endothermic

  endothermic
• what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis

  .carbon dioxide concentration

  .light intensity

  .temperature

  .amount of chlorophyll
• in what ways can farmers artificially create ideal conditions for farming

  .greenhouses - trap suns heat so temperature doesn't become limiting

  .heaters/ventilation - control temperature during extreme weather so temperature doesn't become a limiting factor

  .lights - used at night so light intensity doesn't become a limiting factor

  .paraffin heater - makes carbon dioxide as a by-product so carbon dioxide doesn't become a limiting factor
• where does respiration happen

  mitochondria
• what are the uses of energy from respiration

  .regulate body temperature

  .muscle contraction

  .build up large molecules from small molecules
• what is fermentation

  anaerobic respiration in yeast
• what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

  glucose ---> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

  glucose ---> lactic acid
• what are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  .aerobic produces more energy, anaerobic produces less energy

  .aerobic produces carbon dioxide and water, anaerobic produces lactic acid

  .aerobic happens all the time, anaerobic happens in emergencies

  .aerobic: glucose fully oxidised, anaerobic: incomplete break down of glucose
• what are the uses of fermentation products

  CO2: makes bread rise

  ethanol: used in bear and wine making
• what is the cycle of oxygen debt

  1.increased breathing rate, breathing volume and heartbeat for more oxygen around the body

  2.body cant supply oxygen to muscles quick enough so starts to anaerobically respire

  3.the glucose isn't fully oxidised so lactic acid builds up (causing cramps as its toxic)

  4.lactic acid can be taken to liver via bloodstream to be converted back to glucose or you 'repay' your oxygen debt by breathing in more oxygen to have the lactic acid fully broken down
• what is metabolism

  sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
• what factors can affect metabolism

  .exercise levels

  .muscle to fat ratio

  .body mass

  .sex

  .genetics
• what are anabolic reactions and are they exothermic or endothermic

  .making large molecules from small molecules

  .endothermic
• what are catabolic reactions and are they exothermic or endothermic

  .large molecules being broken down into small molecules

  .exothermic