Organs

• What does a ‘Double-Pump System’ mean?

  The heart pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated as well as around the body
• Humans have two kidneys, which are bean-shaped organs
• Kidneys


  Bean-shaped organs, approximately 11.5 cm long, situated in the abdominal cavity, just below the ribcage, one on either side of the spine, embedded in fatty tissue for protection
• Blood flow in and out of kidneys

  • Artery
  • Vein
  • Blood In
  • Blood Out
  • Urine Out
• Functions of kidneys


  • Removes waste products (from metabolism of the food we eat and body cells)
  • Removes excess fluid to balance fluid levels in the body
• Defects of the Eye

  • Cataracts
  • Long sightedness
  • Short sightedness
• Cataracts


  Cloudy patch on the lens, Common in older people, Problems someone with cataracts might face, Treatment - Surgery to remove cloudy lens and replace with an artificial lens made of plastic
• Long Sightedness


  Can see distant objects clearly, Close up objects are blurred, Lens doesn't become round enough to focus light on retina
• Short Sightedness


  Can see near objects clearly, Distant objects look blurred
• What is refraction?


  Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
• What is the role of the cornea in refraction?

  Bending light.
• What is the role of the lens in refraction?

  Focus
• Ciliary Muscles

  The ring-shaped muscles surrounding the crystalline lens that change the lens shape for refraction during near or far focusing.
• The pancreas is an organ that produces digestive enzymes to break down food.
• Bile is made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder until needed.
• The liver breaks down waste products, stores glucose as glycogen, detoxifies the blood, and makes bile which helps with fat digestion.
• What are the main organs in the body?

  Heart, lungs, brain, liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines.