human geography

• Birmingham

  Second largest city in the UK, located in the West Midlands of England
• National importance of Birmingham

  • Large businesses provide jobs (BBC, Landrover)
  • Central location for transport links (airport, train stations)
  • Chinatown and international areas dedicated to culture
• International importance of

  • Airport and stations linked to 140+ cities worldwide
  • High amount of visitors from South East Asia
• National migration impacts of Birmingham

  • Urban diversity
  • Dedicated areas to culture (e.g. Chinatown)
  • Increase in wealth due to jobs, visitational spending, transport,
• Urban Planning

  Improving and providing accessible, affordable, quality housing and infrastructure
• Mumbai is located in western India, Asia. It has the Arabian Sea to the west
• National importance of Mumbai


  • Used as a transport link across India
  • Wealthy with job opportunities
• Urbanisation


  Characteristics: Dense population, mixed land uses, transport links, influence beyond physical boundaries

  Processes: Deindustrialisation, regeneration, brownfield/greenfield development, dereliction, improving quality of life, sustainable urban living, urban greening
• Traffic congestion

  Leads to pollution, higher fuel consumption, greater accident risk
• Chester Park and Ride

  • People access the city centre by parking at a designated lot and then travelling by bus in dedicated lanes
• Curitiba Bus Rapid Transport System is: Different bus routes for efficiency and less traffic congestion (35 million reduced car journeys)
• Why do people move from rural areas to Mumbai?

  • Better facilities
  • job opportunities
  • education
  • better health care and medicine
• Tianjin eco-city, china:

  • 20% of all energy is renewable
  • produce in shops is cleaned, recycling rewards, separate recycling
  • Water is recycled and there is filtered ground water
  • Energy is carbon neutral and renewable
• International importance of Mumbai:

  • transport links
  • trade links
  • commercial capital city
• Longbridge

  • brownfield site
  • converted into: affordable housing (350), shops, college, parks, 3500 jobs, innovation centre
• Environmental Opportunites of Birmingham

  • 500+ parks making it green
  • green vision will take place and plant trees and encourage leisure
  • clear air zone covers all roads and taxes cars using petrol
• Environmental challenges in Birmingham

  • only 30% waste was recycled in 2015
• economic opportunities in Birmingham

  • bullring shopping centre has many jobs and visitors
  • excellent transport infrastructure
  • many businesses for job opportunities
• economic challenges in Birmingham

  • people who live outside Birmingham cause transport demand
• social opportunities in Birmingham

  • airport and transport plan provides global links
  • entertainment for leisure
  • many universities to encourage young people to move
• manchester metrolink:

  • people drive and park their car to then wait for a tram
  • cheap tickets
  • you can change trams to get to different places into Manchester

  advantages:

  • short waiting times improve efficiency of getting people to places
  • lots of stops and locations

  disadvantages:

  • busy and less space on trams