Geography

• • Latitude:
  • They can’t intersect each other
  • Lines are approximately 111 km apart  
  • Lines are used as political boundaries
  • 49th parallel divides Canada and USA
  • These lines measure the distance North and South of the equator
  • They’re drawn around the earth parallel to the equator
• The equator is the starting point for latitude lines ( 0o) and it divides the earth into 2 equal parts (the northern and southern hemispheres)
• Lines of Longitude: Lines of latitude are imaginary lines that are vertical (running north to south) but they measure horizontally (east to west) .

  • The Prime Meridian (vertical version of the equator) is the starting point for longitude lines ( 0o) and it divides the earth into 2 equal pieces, (The eastern and western hemispheres
• • The Prime Meridian runs through Greenwich, England
  • The international Date Line is the 180o meridian
  • Lines are drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole 
  • Lines converge (come together) at the poles and are furthest apart at the Equator

  Lines are used to determined time zones
• • General Purpose Maps

  A map drawn to scale using symbols and colours to indicate major roads for transportation purposes
• General Purpose Map:

  Can be both small scale (a country map) and large scale (a city map)
• Topographic maps; A map showing elevation contours, vegetation, water features, land use etc.
• 
  

  • topographic Map
  • A map that indicates scale using symbols and colours for both natural and human features on the Earth’s surface 
  • Shows the earth's surface in great detail (large scale)
  • Depicts the height of land features 
  • contour lines represent elevation
  • Often shows roads, settlements, vegetation cover , power lines, etc.
• • Thematic Maps
  • A map that reveals the geographic patterns of statistical data
  • Are designed to designed to display distributions over the Earth’s surface
  • Usually focuses on one topic (eg. population distribution)
• Features on a Map

  T-  Title

  O- orientation

  • Colour
  • Direction

  D- date

  A- author (Cartographers)

  L- legend/ labels

  S- scale