Mod 8

• Functions of Education towards Individual

  • Development of inborn potentialities
  • Modifying behavior
  • Holistic development
  • Preparing for the future
  • Developing personality
  • Helping for adjustability
• Functions of Education towards Society


  • Social change and control
  • Reconstruction of experiences
  • Development of social and moral values
  • Providing opportunity or equality
• Functions of Education towards Nation

  • Inculcation of civic and social responsibility
  • Training for leadership
  • National integration
  • Total national development
• Health System


  The sum total of all the organizations, institutions, and resources whose primary purpose is to improve health
• Health System


  • Needs staff, funds, information, supplies, transport, communications, and overall guidance and direction
  • Needs to provide services that are responsive and financially fair, while treating people decently
• Culture-specific Syndrome


  A combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms, which the body absorbs social stress and manifests symptoms of suffering, considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture
• Ethnomedicine


  The study of cross-cultural health systems, which expanded its focus to include topics such as perceptions of the body, culture and disability, and change in indigenous or "traditional" healing systems, especially as resulting from globalization
• Western Biomedicine vs Ethnomedicine - Perceptions of the Body

  • Western Biomedicine: Mind and body are distinct, a person may be declared dead while the heart is still beating
  • Ethnomedicine: The body is a bounded physical unit, people do not accept a person brain death
• Western Biomedicine vs Ethnomedicine - Defining and Classifying Health Problems

  • Western Biomedicine: Disease is a biological health problem that is objective and universal, Illness is culturally specific perceptions and experiences
  • Ethnomedicine: Basis for labelling and classifying health problems is natural, socioeconomic, psychological, or supernatural causes
• Prevention of Illness


  • Awas (lumps/marks on the skin) - Caused by denying pregnant women desired food or pressuring them to eat unwanted food, or encountering rude/angry people. Prevention is to be considerate of pregnant women and ensure they are content.
  • Sudden death of men - Caused by belief that widow ghosts roam seeking men as 'husbands', Prevention is displaying wooden-carved phalluses in residential compounds
• Prevention


  • Based on either religious or secular beliefs, exist cross-culturally for preventing misfortune, suffering, and illness
• Illness


  • Awas (lumps/marks on the skin)
• Ritual health protection worldwide


  • Charms, spells, and sacred strings tied around parts of the body
• Humoral Healing


  Emphasizes balance among natural elements within the body
• Humoral Healing


  • Use of food and drugs
• Ethnomedicine


  Community healing emphasizes the social context as a key component, and is carried out within the public domain
• Ethnomedicine


  • Dance as a healing substance
• In an informal sense, everyone is a "healer" because self-treatment is always the first consideration in dealing with a perceived health problem
• Some people become recognized as having special abilities to diagnose and treat health problems. Cross-cultural evidence indicates some common criteria of healers
• Albularyo


  Seen as the general practitioner; knowledgeable about folkloric modalities and is usually especially versed in the use of medicinal herbs
• Hilot


  Refers both to the manghihilot or nagpapaanak; manghihilot specializes techniques and treatments applicable to sprains, fractures, and musculoskeletal conditions; nagpapaanak besides giving prenatal visits and delivering babies, often perform the suob rituals
• Mangluluop


  Specializes in diagnostic techniques, usually referring to the patients after diagnosis to the albularyo, medico, or manghihilot for definitive treatments
• Medico


  Is a hybrid, sort of crossover specialization; merges age-old folkloric modalities with ingredients of western medicine such as prescriptions, medications, acupuncture, etc.
• The human right to health guarantees a system of health protection for all
• Everyone has the right to the health care they need and to living conditions that enable them to be healthy, such as adequate food, housing, and a healthy environment
• Health care must be provided as a public good for all, financed publicly and equitably
• Development of inborn potentialities – Education helps to develop the inborn potentialities of

  a child.
• Modifying behavior – Education helps to modify the past behavior through learning and through different agencies of education.
• Holistic development – Education aims at the all-round development of child-physical, mental, social, emotional, and spiritual.
• Developing personality – The whole personality of the child is developed physically, intellectually, morally, socially, aesthetically, and spiritually. S/he is recognized in the society.
• Helping for adjustability – Human beings differ from beasts. Men and women have the power to reason and think for themselves. We, as human beings, have the ability to adapt to our environment and even change it through education.
• Formal Education – based in the classroom and provided by trained teaching and non-teaching personnel.
• Inculcation of civic and social responsibility – Education allows members of the next generation to understand their rights and duties as citizens in a democratic country.
• Mangluluop – specializes in diagnostic techniques, usually referring to the patients after diagnosis to the albularyo, medico, or manghihilot for definitive treatments
• Hilot – reefers both the manghihilot or nagpapaanak; manghihilot specializes techniques and treatments applicable to sprains, fractures, and musculoskeletal conditions.
• Usog is a Filipino belief regarding the discomfort brought about by a stranger or visitor who is thought to have an evil eye (masamang mata) or who brings an evil wing (masamang hangin) or a hex.