2nd lesson

• Cytology


  Branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of cells
• Cell


  Structural and functional unit of life
• Microscope


  Device for forming magnified images of small objects or organisms
• Parts of a microscope

  • Optical parts (eyepiece/ocular, objective, condenser, iris diaphragm, mirror)
  • Mechanical parts (drawtube, body tube, course adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, rotating nosepiece, arm, mechanical stage, stage, inclination joint, pillar, mirror holder, base)
• Animalcules


  Archaic term for microscopic organisms (bacteria, protozoans, very small animals)
• Microbiology


  Study of microorganisms, including bacteriology, virology, and mycology
• Aristotle believed that living organisms could arise from spontaneous generation and not sexual reproduction
• Scientists who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation

  • Francesco Redi
  • John Needham
  • Lazzaro Spallanzani
  • Louis Pasteur
• Cell theory


  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things
  3. All cells are come from pre-existing cells
• DNA


  Hereditary information passed on from cell to cell during cell division
• Metabolism


  Synthesis and utilization of energy, including catabolism and anabolism
• Monosaccharides


  Simplest/smallest basic structure of carbohydrates (glucose, galactose, fructose)
• Virus


  Specialized protein without a cytoplasmic membrane that can cause infections
• Cytoplasmic membrane


  Selectively permeable membrane composed of a phospholipid bilayer