Module 1

• Pharmacology


  Experimental science dealing with the properties of drug and their effects on the living system
• Drug


  Article intended to be used in the Dx (diagnosis), mitigation (relieve pain), Tx (treatment), or prevention of ds (disease) in human and other animals
• Pharmacodynamics


  Study of the response of an origin to action of drugs in the absence of a ds
• Pharmacotherapy


  Study of the use of drug in the Tx of ds
• Therapy


  Term describing Tx of Ds. in general and includes use of drug, surgery, radiation, behavioral modification and other modalities
• Chemotherapy


  Branch of pharmacology dealing with drugs that selectively inhibit of destroy specific agents of ds. such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and other parasites
• Pharmacodynamics


  Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanic of action (MOA)
• Pharmacokinetics


  Mathematical description of temporal changes in concentration of drugs within the body
• Clinical Pharmacology


  Pertains to or founded in actual observation of Tx of patients, as distinguish from theoretical or experimental
• Posology


  Study of medicine dosage which varies with the species of animal, intended effect of drug and individual tolerance and or susceptibility
• Dose


  Amount necessary to elicit the drug therapeutic response in patients
• Dosage


  Refers to determination and regulation of a dose
• Metrology


  Study of wt. and measures as applied to preparation and administration of drug
• Pharmacy


  Concern with collection, preparation, standardization, and dispensing of drug
• Biopharmaceutics


  Interaction between the drug and excipients, formulation and technique of preparation mixing
• Materia medicine


  Concern with pharmacy, posology, pharmacognosy and indication for Tx. use of drugs
• Pharmacopeia


  Book containing tables of drugs in includes statement of their prop., dose and standard of strength and purity
• Pharmacogenetics


  Branch of pharmacology involved in identifying genetic variation in identifying genetic variation leading to individual differences in drug responses
• Pharmacogenomics


  Refers to the entire spectrum of genes that are involved in determining a patients response to particular drug
• Nutraceuticals


  Nutritional products which allegedly therapeutic value in addition to their scientifically recognized nutritional content
• Pharmacovigilance


  Process of monitoring drug risk and conveying ways to optimize benefit and minimize risks
• Adverse Drug Experience (ADE)


  Any adverse event associated with the use of a new animals drug, whether or not considered to be drug-related, and whether or not the new animal drug was used in accordance with the approved labelling
• Toxicology

  Study of Poison, a science that define limit of safety of chemical agents to human and animals
• Pen Tsao

  Earliest compilation of drugs, which was written by Emperor Shengnung in about 2,700 B.C.
• Code of Hammurabi

  Describe Penalties for malpractices of practitioner
• Kahun Papyrus

  Oldest record of Egyptian Drugs
• Ebers Papyrus

  compilation of disease conditions and prescriptions
• Ashurbanipal

  assembled the library of clay tablets in sumeria
• Hippocrates

  Greatest teacher of medicine, regarded as the father of medicine
• Vis medicatrix nature

  a theory about the concept of the healing power of nature
• Aristotle

  formed the scientific basis of medicine
• Theophrastus

  systematically classifies medicinal plants
• Carolus Linnaeus

  Father of Taxonomy
• Carolus Linnaeus

  established the modern scientific method of naming plants and animals
• Dioscorides

  Compiled the 1st Materia Medica
• 1st Materia Medica

  Old subject of pharmacology, study of plants, how it is extracted and its uses.
• Galen

  Deals physiology and materia medica
• Publius Vegetius

  compiled a tretise that included prescriptions for farm animals
• Geber Ibn Hjar

  classified drugs and poison
• Valerius Cordus

  compiled the 1st Pharmacopeia