IS

• Types of Computers


  • Personal computers
  • Handheld computers
  • Mid-range servers
  • Mainframes
  • Supercomputers
• Computer


  An electronic device that is capable of: Accepting data (Input), Processing the data under specific instructions, Producing Information (Output), Storing information and or Data
• Data


  Raw, un-processed, meaningless facts
• Information


  Meaningful processed facts
• Hardware


  The physical components of the computer e.g. mouse keyboard, monitors etc
• Software


  The intangible components of the computer (sets of instructions- programs)
• Input Devices


  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Microphone
  • Scanner
  • Wearables
• Output Devices


  • Monitor
  • Printer
  • Speaker
  • Projector
• Processing Devices


  Responsible for operations on the data to produce information
• Processing Devices


  • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)
  • Random Access Memory(RAM)
• Computer Storage Devices


  • Hard drive/disc
  • RAM
  • ROM
  • CD/DVD
  • Floppy Drive
  • USB
  • Printer
• Computer Literacy


  Knowledge and understanding of various types computers and their uses
• Information Literacy


  The ability to identify what information is needed, understand how the information is organized, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information
• Advantages of Computers


  • Speed
  • Reliability
  • Consistency
  • Storage
  • Communications
• Disadvantages of Computers


  • Violation of Privacy - Identity theft
  • Public Safety - Online Scams, Fraud
  • Impact on Labor Force - Replacement of Human Labour with Robots
  • Health Risks - Game Addiction, Malfunction of computer aided health systems, long-term eye problems, back problems
  • Impact on Environment - Emissions during production and recycling of computer components
• Types of Computers


  • Personal computers
  • Handheld computers
  • Mid-range servers
  • Mainframes
  • Supercomputers
  • Mobile and Game Devices
• The Internet


  A worldwide collection of computer networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
• The World Wide Web


  A global library of information available to anyone connected to the Internet
• Browser


  Software that enables users with an Internet connection to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device
• Search engine


  Software that finds websites, webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic
• Communications device


  Hardware capable of transferring items from computers and devices to transmission media and vice versa
• Green computing


  Reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
• Strategies for green computing

  • Recycling
  • Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving features
  • Regulating manufacturing processes
  • Extending the life of computers
  • Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
• Software


  Also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
• Installing a program


  The process of setting up the program to work with the computer, mobile device, printer, and/or other hardware
• Running a program


  Interacting with the program through its user interface
• Software developer


  Someone who develops programs and apps or writes the instructions that direct the computer or mobile device to process data into information
• The Internet


  A worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
• Evolution of the Internet

  1. Originated as ARPANET in September 1969

  2. Had two main goals
• Each organization


  Responsible only for maintaining its own network
• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)


  Oversees research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2


  Connects more than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network
• Access provider


  A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee
• IP address


  A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet
• Domain name


  The text version of an IP address
• DNS server


  Translates the domain name into its associated IP address
• World Wide Web


  A worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages)
• Web site


  A collection of related Web pages and associated items
• Web server


  A computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0


  Web sites that provide a means for users to interact