Science

• Mitochondria - The powerhouse of the cell.
• Plasma Membrane - The outermost layer of a cell that separates the cell from its environment. Boundary.
• Cell wall - supports & protects cells, commonly found in plant cells & bacteria.
• Nucleus - contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.
• Nuclear Membrane - surrounds nucleus; 2 layers.
• Chromosomes - long strands of DNA that carry genes and are found in the nucleus of a cell.
• Cytoplasm - viscous fluid containing enzymes and organelles.
• Ribosomes - Site of protein synthesis in the cell.
• Endomembrane system -
• Endoplasmic Reticulum - A network of membranes that is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins
• Lysosome - Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials inside the cell.
• Vacuole - Stores water, nutrients, and wastes in plant cells.
• Golgi Apparatus - Modifies, packages, and transports substances within cells.
• Golgi Apparatus - Modifies, packages, and transports molecules within the cell.
• Chloroplast - Found only in plants and algae, it contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.
• SER - no ribosomes, has carbs and lipids.
• RER - releases new proteins, has ribosomes and is where protein synthesis occurs.
• Vesicles - Small membrane-bound sacs that transport substances between the cell and the plasma membrane.
• Peroxisomes - oxidation of fatty acids and other lipids, and detoxification of harmful substances.
• Vacuoles - Contain cell sap and are found in plant cells. Maintain plant shape.
• Centrioles - in animal cells only, mainly composed of Microtubule [triplet microtubule pattern: 9 + 3]
• Cytoskeleton - A network of protein fibers that provide structure and movement to the cell.
• Phospholipid Bilayer - A double layer of phospholipids that forms the outer layer of the cell membrane
• Fluid Mosaic Model - The model that describes the structure of the cell membrane.
• Glycoprotein - protein with sugar,
• Glycolipid - lipid with sugar.
• Membrane proteins - attachment of the membrane to the cytoskeleton and external fibers.
• Cilia - Short hairs that move in a wave motion to move mucus and other substances.
• Flagella - Long, thin, whip-like structures that are used for movement.
• Mitochondria - sites of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that uses oxygen to drive the generation of ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, & other fuels.