Henry VI
Cards (147)
- Treaty of Troyes - Henry V and his heirs would inherit the throne of France once Charles VI had died. Marriage of Henry V to Catherine de Valois.
- Henry became King of England, aged only 9 months
- Treaty of Arras - united Scotland and France
- The Hundred Year's War lasted
- York acted as Lieutenant in France, reinstated in 1440-45 as Governor of France
- John Beaufort led a financial campaign, drying up all financial aid, meaning York was unable to be victorious at Dieppe in 1443
- Treaty of Tours - orchestrated by Suffolk, agreed to the marriage of Margaret of Anjou to Henry VI (in 1445) and secretly gave up Maine
- York was relieved of his duties in France and given Lieutenant of Ireland instead, however this was honorary only but he chose to go to Ireland in the hope of gaining the support of the English Pale
- Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester was imprisoned, angered many as he was pro-war and favoured by the people. York became heir presumptive.
- Bonville was made Lord of Chewton, angering Courtenay
- Suffolk was accused of treason after arranging the marriage of Margaret Beaufort to his son
- The crown's debt totalled £372,0000
- The crown owed in excess of £200,000 to Cardinal Beaufort
- The crown owed £38,000 to York
- Government income had fallen to £33,000, partially due to the Great Cloth Slump. Household expenditure was £24,000
- Wool trade was highly valuable with custom duties paid acting as a regular source of income, raising £30,000
- Thomas Cheyne attempted to lead an uprising in Kent but was defeated due to public resistance to unrest
- Suffolk's body washed up in Kent, people feared retribution
- After the death of Humphrey Stafford at Sevenoaks, Henry, with only 10,000 men, arrested Saye and others. On the 3rd July, 46,000 rebels crossed London bridge and executed Saye and Crowmer, Henry fled. London, resenting pillaging, forced the rebels to disperse on the 5th July and Margaret offered pardons
- Cade was mortally wounded when arrested and his body was sent to Blackheath, Gloucester, Norwich and Salisbury
- The Battle of Formigny resulted in the loss of Normandy. Sparked fears of a retaliatory invasion by the French in Kent or Sussex
- Somerset surrendered Caen and Henry paid 300,000 ecus for his release as well as giving up all the English siege and field artillery
- York returned to London without permission via the Welsh marches and issued a bill proclaiming he remained loyal to Henry but desired the removal of his 'evil counsellors'. In October, a Second Bill was partly verbatim of Cade's and said the rebels were justified, with the Third Bill attacking the defeat in France
- Somerset was appointed Captain of Calais
- Thomas Young, an MP, declared that York should be formally acknowledged as heir presumptive and was imprisoned
- York intervened on behalf of Courtenay who was in a dispute with Bonville, cementing parliament's view that he was self-serving and disruptive
- The King's household doubled the guard around Henry due to fears of attack by York's supporters
- William Percy was made Bishop of Carlisle by Henry- a position which was previously held by the Nevilles
- The Coup at Dartford, supported by Exeter and 3,000 retainers but Kent did not rise, London refused York entry and Henry had an army 3 times as large. York submitted on the 3rd March swearing an oath of allegiance at St Paul's Cathedral
- Parliament at Reading was generally positive with an Act of Resumption agreed upon to rescue finances and high expectations that Henry expected would lead an expedition in France following Shrewsbury's success in recapturing many parts of Gascony in Autumn 1452
- Henry granted the Lordship of the Vale of Glamorgan to Somerset rather than Warwick whom it had belonged to for three years prior. Warwick held it by force
- At the Battle of Castillon, John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury was killed and Gascony was lost, only Calais remained in English hands
- Henry entered a catatonic state
- Skirmish at Heworth Moor due to the marriage of Maud Stanhope (Lord Cromwell's heir) to Thomas Neville who would inherit the land of wressle
- Edward of Lancaster was born however was not recognised as the son and heir of Henry due to his incapacitation
- A Great Council was in control of England and in October York was summoned to attend its meetings
- Somerset was imprisoned in the Tower
- The Archbishop of Canterbury (chancellor) died and needed a replacement whom only the King could appoint- pressurised the need for a protectorate
- Attendance at parliament was so low that York was forced to impose fines- this had never happened before
- York's first protectorate