chemistry

• giant- lots of attoms
• bonds- holds atoms together
• forces- between
• covalant molecules- non metals, atoms shared
• c02- simplie
• diamand

  each carbon bonded to 4 others

  no free electrons

  strong covaland bonds

  hard (bonds)

  transperent

  shiny

  high mp/bp

  poor conducter(no free electrons)
• dimand- drill bits and jewlerry
• graphite

  each carbon is bonded to three others

  has layers with gaps between

  weak forces between layers

  slippery

  dull

  high mp bp

  pencils

  electrodes

  lubricant
• metals conduct electricty because they have free electrons
• metals- ductile

  malleable

  good conducter
• metals are malleable because layers can slide over eachother
• metals have high bp/mp because of the strong electrostatic
• metals are ductile because the layers can slide over eachother (wires)
• ionic compounds- metal transfer electrons to non metals
• covalant bonds- non metals low bp and they share no charges are formed because electrons are shared
• bulk- large amount
• dimensions- size
• you can fit 1 billion nm in 1 m
• a nanoparticle is between 1 and 100 nm
• surface afrea- l x w x amount of sides

  volume- l x w x h

  ration = surface area/volume (1)
• brittle- snaps rather then changing when stressed
• tough- absorbs energy and changes when stressed
• stiff- difficult to bend or stretch
• strong- hard to pull apart
• flexible- bends easily without snapping
• durable- can be hammered
• ceramics- made by moulding s substance into a shape then putting it into a kiln
• composites- made by combining two or more materials to create a new material with improved properties
• risks of nanoparticles- lack of research, side effects, accumulate water supplies (clothes washing)
• fullerenes- carbon nanoparticles stuctures can form into different shapes
• graphene - a layer of graphite
• nanotubes- made by rolling graphene into a tube
• oxidiation- products made of iron when iron reacts with oxygen
• iron corrosion (rust)- iron reacts with water and oxygen

  iron+ oxygen= iron oxide
• life cycle assessment- analyze the environmental impact over the life of a product
• life cycle assessment- energy needed to extract raw minerals, manufacture, transport products, use of a product, disposal of a product, water usage and waste
• end of a product life

  recycling

  landfill- non biogradeable products will presist in the environment

  incineration- burning of waste makes energy
• use of nanoparticles- socks ( get rid of smell)
• sodium chloride- bubbles on both electrodes
• copper chloride- copper comes off first