Production of materials

• Paper and Board Production

  1. Trees are cut down

  2. Taken by lorry to a paper mill

  3. Wood is stripped and cut into small pieces

  4. Wood undergoes debarking and chipping

  5. Wood is pulped and bleached

  6. Pulp is screened, pressed, dried and cut to size
• Cellulose fibres


  The raw material used to make paper and board
• Cellulose fibres


  • They come from plants like wood, grasses, etc.
• Timber Production


  1. Trees are felled (cut down)

  2. Bark is removed

  3. Trunk is sawn up

  4. Wood is seasoned by air-drying or kiln-drying
• Slab sawn


  A way of sawing wood that affects how the planks will look and how much they're likely to bend or warp
• Quartersawn


  A way of sawing wood that affects how the planks will look and how much they're likely to bend or warp
• Air-drying


  A method of seasoning wood by stacking it up outside or in sheds and allowing air to circulate around it
• Kiln-drying


  A method of seasoning wood in a heated chamber with fans to control the conditions and avoid damage
• Seasoning makes the wood stronger and less likely to twist
• Bent wood


  Wood that has been softened, either through soaking it in hot water or steaming it
• Manufactured timber production


  1. Medium density fibreboard (MDF) uses wood processed into cellulose fibres

  2. Chipboard uses a mixture of dried wood chips, shavings and sawdust

  3. Resin (e.g. urea formaldehyde) is added to the wood mixtures and they are pressed into sheets
• Manufactured boards can be trimmed and sanded to give them a smooth finish