Structure of Bone

• Long Bone Anatomy: Diaphysis(shaft)


  -Makes up most of bone's

  
• Long Bone Anatomy: Periosteum

  -Outside covering of the diaphysis

  -Fibrous connective tissue membrane

  -Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers secure periosteum to underlying bone

  
• long Bone Anatomy: Epiphysis(ends)


  composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone

  
• epiphyseal plate


  -flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing bone

  -Causes lengthwise growth of a long bone
• Categories of bone markings

  -projections and processes: grow out from the bone surface

  a.) All projections begin with "T"

  -depressions or cavities: indentations

  a.)All depressions begin with "F" (except facet)
• Microscopic anatomy of spongy bone

  -Composed of small, needlelike pieces of bone called trabeculae and open spaces

  -Open spaces are filled by marrow, blood vessels, and nerves

  
• Microscopic anatomy of compact bone

  -Osteocytes

  -Lacunae

  -Lamellae

  -Central (Haversian) canal

  -Osteon (Haversian system)

  -Canaliculi

  -Perforating (Volkmann's) canal