Physics 2

    Cards (17)

    • Inertia
      The tendency for an object in motion to stay constant if no force acts on it
    • Newton's 1st Law

      • If no resultant force acts on an object, its motion will be constant (velocity will not change)
    • Newton's 2nd Law

      F=ma (Force = mass x acceleration)
    • F=ma Practical
      1. Accelerate trolley on track with slotted mass on string over pulley
      2. Use light/photogates to measure acceleration
      3. Change force by removing masses and placing on trolley (to keep the total mass the same)
      4. Plot F against a, gradient = total mass
    • Stopping distance
      Thinking distance + Braking distance
    • Thinking distance
      • Affected by: Speed (proportional), Distractions, Alcohol, Drugs, Tiredness
    • Braking distance

      • Affected by: Speed (if v x2, braking distance x4), Condition of brakes, tyres & road, Weather conditions
    • Longitudinal waves
      Direction of oscillation is parallel to direction of energy transfer (e.g. sound, seismic P waves), Consists of compressions & rarefactions
    • Transverse waves
      Direction of oscillation is perpendicular to direction of energy transfer (e.g. water waves, seismic S waves, light, EM waves)
    • EM Spectrum
      • Radio waves
      • Microwaves
      • Infrared
      • Visible
      • Ultraviolet
      • X-rays
      • Gamma rays
    • EM waves
      • Emitted and absorbed by electrons (apart from gamma - they're emitted by nuclei)
      • If the energy of the wave is high enough, it can cause an electron to leave its atom, leaving an ion. UV, X-rays and gamma are ionising radiation
    • Practical: Show that matte black is the best emitter and absorber of IR
      1. Use Leslie cube with IR thermometer or tubes wrapped in different materials under source (e.g. IR lamp)
      2. Shiny materials are the worst emitters & absorbers
    • Permanent magnets

      Always produce a magnetic field
    • Induced magnets
      Become magnetised when in another magnetic field
    • Iron, cobalt and nickel are magnetic (can become induced magnets) and so are attracted to permanent magnets. Other metals like aluminium and copper are not.
    • Motor effect
      A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field will experience a force (as it produces its own magnetic field that interacts with the other)
    • Practical: Finding magnetic flux density
      1. Place magnet on balance
      2. Tare balance, measure 'mass' when known current flowing
      3. Convert to Newtons
      4. Measure length of wire in field
      5. Rearrange F=BIL to calculate B
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