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Physics 2
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Cards (17)
Inertia
The tendency for an object in
motion
to stay constant if
no
force acts on it
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Newton's
1st
Law
If no resultant force acts on an object, its motion will be
constant
(
velocity
will not change)
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Newton's
2nd
Law
F=ma
(Force = mass x
acceleration
)
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F=ma Practical
1.
Accelerate
trolley on track with slotted mass on string over
pulley
2. Use
light
/photogates to measure
acceleration
3. Change force by removing masses and placing on
trolley
(to keep the total
mass
the same)
4. Plot F against a,
gradient
=
total
mass
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Stopping distance
Thinking
distance +
Braking
distance
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Thinking distance
Affected by:
Speed
(proportional), Distractions,
Alcohol
, Drugs, Tiredness
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Braking
distance
Affected by:
Speed
(if v x2, braking distance x4), Condition of brakes,
tyres
& road, Weather conditions
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Longitudinal waves
Direction of oscillation is
parallel
to direction of energy transfer (e.g. sound, seismic P waves), Consists of
compressions
& rarefactions
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Transverse waves
Direction of oscillation is
perpendicular
to direction of energy transfer (e.g.
water
waves, seismic S waves, light, EM waves)
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EM Spectrum
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays
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EM waves
Emitted and absorbed by electrons (apart from
gamma
- they're emitted by
nuclei
)
If the energy of the wave is high enough, it can cause an electron to
leave
its atom, leaving an ion. UV, X-rays and
gamma
are ionising radiation
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Practical: Show that matte black is the best emitter and absorber of IR
1. Use
Leslie cube
with
IR thermometer
or tubes wrapped in different materials under source (e.g. IR lamp)
2. Shiny materials are the
worst
emitters &
absorbers
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Permanent
magnets
Always produce a
magnetic field
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Induced magnets
Become
magnetised
when in another
magnetic field
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Iron,
cobalt
and
nickel
are magnetic (can become induced magnets) and so are attracted to permanent magnets. Other metals like aluminium and copper are not.
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Motor effect
A
current-carrying
wire in a magnetic field will experience a force (as it produces its own magnetic field that
interacts
with the other)
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Practical: Finding magnetic
flux density
1. Place magnet on
balance
2. Tare balance, measure
'mass'
when known current flowing
3. Convert to
Newtons
4. Measure
length
of wire in field
5. Rearrange F=
BIL
to calculate B
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