Language devices and structure

• Alliteration


  Repeated use of the same sound
• Alliteration


  • Bob bought the bunch of bundled bags
• Simile


  Comparing two things with like/as
• Simile


  • It hit me like a ton of bricks
  • It felt as heavy as a bag of bricks
• Metaphor


  Describing something as if it were something else, even though it isn't really
• Metaphor


  • I am drowning in work
• Pathetic Fallacy


  The projection of human emotions onto non-human things (usually weather/environment)
• Pathetic Fallacy


  • The friendly sun shone down on the park
• Oxymoron


  A figure of speech which doesn't appear to make sense because the words used are contradictory
• Oxymoron


  • Living dead
  • Alone together
  • Awfully good
• Semantic/Lexical Field


  1. A group of words with associated meanings (Semantic)

  2. Words belonging to the same category (Lexical)
• Semantic Field


  • Keyboard, mouse, screen, click
• Lexical Field


  • Blue, green, red, brown
• Onomatopoeia


  A sound written as a word
• Onomatopoeia


  • The clang of the metal
  • The boom of the grenade
• Hyperbole


  An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally, but used to create dramatic effect
• Hyperbole


  • I've told you a million times
• Personification


  The projection of human characteristics/qualities/actions onto non-human things
• Personification


  • The wind whispered to the trees
  • The stars in the sky winked at us
• Imagery


  Use of the senses (auditory, olfactory, tactile) to provide imagery
• Imagery


  • The melody was serene, slow, and soft
  • The soil smelt rich, earthy, and damp
  • The warmth of the sun soaked into his skin
• Tenses


  Forms of verbs that express time
• Tenses

  • Past - I wrote

  Present - I write/I am writing

  Future - I will write
• Repetition


  Repeated words or phrases
• Repetition


  • I waited. And waited. And waited.

  Money comes, and money goes. Money builds, and money destroys.
• Anaphora


  Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
• Anaphora


  • We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.
• Listing


  Creating a list, with or without commas and/or conjunctions
• Listing


  • There were yellow ones, blue ones, and white ones.

  There were yellow ones and blue ones and white ones.
• Rhetorical Question


  A question that is not meant to be answered, the goal is not to receive an answer, but rather to produce an effect
• Rhetorical Question


  • Did you know that rhetorical questions can be used to engage the reader?

  Don't you think they know that?

  Do you know what I think?
• Hypophora


  A rhetorical question that is immediately answered by the one who raised it
• Hypophora


  • Did you know that rhetorical questions can be used to engage the reader? Well, you do now.

  Don't you think they know that? It was their idea in the first place.

  Do you know what I think? I think...
• Declarative Sentence


  A sentence that makes a statement
• Declarative Sentence


  • Lima is the capital of Peru.

  It is raining outside.
• Circular Structure


  The last line of a piece takes the reader back to the beginning of it, or a piece ends the way it began
• Minor Sentences

  A fragmented/incomplete sentence that still makes sense
• Minor Sentences


  • He's gone. Dead.

  She needs help. Fast.
• Ellipses


  • Are you sure? It is known to be a... dangerous route.

  I don't know about this...

  Are they...?