Science

• It is the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth - Atmosphere
• It recieves heat and moisture from the surface and redistributes them - Atmosphere
• It supplies vital elements needed to sustain life forms - Atmosphere
• It is the solid outer part of the Earth that provides a platform for most life-forms - Litosphere
• It is sculpted into landforms which provide varied habitats for plants, animals, and humans - Litosphere
• In litosphere, water is found in the uppermost layers in soils and in ground water reservoirs.
• It is the liquid realm of the Earth - Hydrosphere
• It is principally the mass of water in the world's ocean - Hydrosphere
• It includes soild ice in the mountains and continental glaciers - Hydrosphere
• contained in the shallow surface called the life layer - biosphere
• the zone of interactions among the biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere - life
• A branch of geophysics which is concerned with the study of earthquakes and the transmission and dissemination of seismic waves within the Earth - Seismology
• Vibrations that are usually generated by earthquakes or explosions - Seismic Waves
• Records varying magnitude of ground oscillations caused by seismic waves that travel from their point of origin through the Earth - Seismograph
• Measure of th energy released at the source of the earthquake - Magnitude
• It is expressed using Richter scale - Magnitude
• In 1935, Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology developed a mathematical device to measure and compare the magnitude of earthquakes.
• 2 types of Seismic Waves:

  • Body Waves

  • Surface Waves
• It travels through Earth's mantle and crust - Body Waves
• 2 types of Body Waves:

  • P (Primary) Waves

  • S (Secondary) Waves
• Fastest of all seismic waves - Primary Waves
• Produce longitudinal movement - Primary Waves
• Slightly slower than P waves - Secondary Waves
• Produce perpendicular motion - Secondary Waves