AI Explain

• Comparison


  One thousandth is 0.1% of the original value; One billionth is 0.000001% of the original value
• Nucleus


  The central part of an atom, making up a very small fraction of its total volume.
• Proton


  A positively charged subatomic particle that is a component of the nucleus, with a mass extremely close to 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
• Neutron


  A subatomic particle that is part of the nucleus, having no charge and a slightly smaller mass than protons.
• Neutron


  A chargeless subatomic particle within the nucleus, having a mass slightly smaller than protons, and aiding in holding the nucleus together for stability.
• Proton


  A positively charged subatomic particle found within the nucleus, with a mass extremely close to 1 atomic mass unit (amu), participating in holding the nucleus together and chemical reactions.
• Nucleus


  The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons, responsible for atom structure and stability.
• Charge of Proton


  Positively charged (+)
• Charge of Neutron


  No charge (neutral)
• Mass of Neutron


  Slightly smaller than protons
• Mass of Proton


  Extremely close to 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
• Neutrons and Stability


  Neutrons help maintain the stability of the nucleus by binding protons together, compensating for positive charge, shielding protons, and participating in nuclear reactions.
• What determines the volume of electron orbits?

  The distance between the nucleus and the outermost energy level/valence shell of an atom.
• What determines the mass of an atom?

  Mass is the total amount of matter in an atom.
• What does the volume of electron orbits determine?

  The size of an atom.
• Mass of Electrons


  almost zero, negligible compared to other particles
• Larger Surface Area


  Increases the rate of diffusion, allowing for faster movement of substances.
• Faster Diffusion Rate


  Occurs when the surface area is larger, allowing for increased movement of substances.
• Diffusion


  A movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
• Passive Process


  A process where particles move from high to low concentration down their concentration gradient without using energy.
• Active Transport


  A process where a cell uses energy to move substances across a concentration gradient, against the normal flow.
• Root Hair Cells


  Example of active transport in plants; absorbs nutrients from soil into the plant
• Gut


  Example of active transport in humans; absorbs nutrients from food into the bloodstream
• What is the main function of Kidney Tubules?

  Kidney tubules reabsorb essential substances like glucose back into the bloodstream, ensuring the body retains what it needs and eliminates waste.
• Where does Passive Transport occur?

  Passive transport occurs in the Gut, where glucose is absorbed from the food we eat into the bloodstream.
• Amino acids


  A small molecule consisting of amino and carboxyl groups. Building blocks of proteins.
• Proteins


  A large molecule composed of sequences of amino acids. Provides structure, regulates metabolism, and performs various functions in the body.
• Gut


  A part of the digestive system responsible for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients, including glucose and amino acids.
• Importance of Active Transport

  Regulates cell's internal environment, keeps essential nutrients & waste products in balance.