Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology - is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers
• Nanotechnology - is the engineering of functional systems at molecular scale
• Richard Feynman - Father of Nanotechnology
• nanotechnology - are the study

  and application of extremely small things and

  can be used across all the other science fields,

  such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials

  science, and engineering
• The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology

  started with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”
•  “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology on December 29, 1959
•  “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology on December 29, 1959
• There are 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch
• A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 

  nanometers thick
• On a comparative scale, if a marble were a  nanometer, then one meter would be the size of the Earth
• nanotechnology - involve the ability to see and to control individual  atoms and molecules.
• Mihail Roco - of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative has 

  described 4(four) that became 5 (five) generations of nanotechnology 

  development. 
• What nanostructure is this?

  p

  A) passive

  
• What nanostructure is this?

  a

  A) Active

  
• What nanostructure is this?

  a

  A) Systems of Nanotechnology

  
• What nanostructure is this?

  a

  A) Molecular

  
• what nanostructure is this?

  a

  A) Converging technologies

  
• Nanotechnology is sometimes referred to as a general-purpose technology.
• Genetically Modified Organism - one of the major application of nanotechnology
• Genetically Modified Organism -  is an  organism that has had its DNA altered or modified  in some way through genetic engineering.
• GMOs have been altered with DNA from another organism, be it a bacterium, plant, virus or animal; these organisms are sometimes

  referred to as "transgenic" organisms
• There are clearly two very different viewpoints

  when it comes to health and safety of

  genetically engineered food.

  • industry leaders and scientists who support
  • GMOs and those who believe GMOs are harmful.
• Genetically modified foods have been linked to  toxic and allergic reactions, sick, sterile, and  dead livestock, and damage to virtually every  organ studied in lab animals.
• Bacillus thuringiensis -cotton produced pesticides inside the plant. This kills or deters insects, saving the farmer from having to spray

  pesticides
• Bacillus thuringiensis - is known as the most

  successful microbial insecticide against different

  orders of insect pests in agriculture and medicine.
• Bacillus thuringiensis - is widely used in agriculture for

  the control of insect pests.
• The bacterium BT produces an endotoxin which is found in a crystalline inclusion.
• Pollen from GM crops can contaminate nearby 

  crops of the same type through cross pollination.
•  Monsanto was the world’s biggest seed company is the world’ and owned over 80% of all the genetically modified seeds planted around the world.
• Bayer, the second largest agrochemical company in the world, bought Monsanto for $63 billion. The Canadian government approved this

  merger in 2018.
• Monsanto - world’s fifth largest agrochemical company.
• Syngenta: the world's second largest agrochemical company is also the world's third largest seed company.
• Syngenta - is a provider of agricultural science and technology, in particular seeds and pesticides with its management headquarters in Basel, Switzerland.
•  Syngenta - was ranked as the world's leading crop protection company based on revenue, generating some 13.3 billion U.S. dollars

  in pesticide sales.
• Bayer Crop Science - Second's world leading crop protection was a subgroup of Bayer AG, with pesticide sales amounting to 11.4 billion U.S. dollars. Dec 7, 2023