Chapter 3

• Development - condition of quality of life of an individual, family, community or nation as a whole; in relation to its physical, socio-cultural, political, economic, moral-spiritual, technological, emotional/psychological, and intellectual well-being.
• Development - condition or level of life wherein man is able to actualize his physical, socio-cultural, political, economic, moral-spiritual, emotional/psychological, and intellectual faculties and attain his needs.
• Development is translated as kaunlaran.
• Dimensions of development:

  • physical
  • socio-cultural
  • moral-spiritual
  • intellectual
  • political
  • emotional/psychological
  • economic
  • technological
• physical - concerns maintenance of health and physical order within a community/nation.
• socio-cultural - contains the quality of social relationship or interaction among individual/groups within a society. It can also be the appreciation of tradition/cultural beliefs and practices.
• moral-spiritual - concerns practice of proper moral values within a community/society.
• intellectual - concerns the capacity of individuals to develop their knowledge and skills for the improvement of life.
• political - concerns practice of governance and maintenance of peace and order within a community.
• emotional/psychological - concerns man's emotional attitudes towards life, his capacity to meet the "stress and strains" of life.
• economic - concerns the capacity of man or group to provide adequate resources to meet basic needs and provide a decent way of life.
• technological - concerns man capacity to employ/use the discoveries of the science to improve his way of life.
• rationalization - maximizing people's capacity to actualize all dimension without compromising the others. In other words, maintaining homeostasis of development.
• Levels of development:

  • sub-subsistence level
  • subsistence level
  • development
  • self-realization
• sub-subsistence level - stage of life wherein man is barely able to meet the basic necessities of life (food, shelter, clothing)
• subsistence level - stage of life wherein man has just enough to meet basic needs.
• development - stage of life wherein man is able to meet basic needs and start thinking of higher values in life such as health, recreation, arts, and education.
• self-realization - stage of life when one is no longer concerned only with meeting the basic needs of life but moves towards self-realization/actualization in terms of maximizing his capacities and contemplate his role in the community and country.
• Moral principles of development:

  • Human dignity
  • popular participation
  • empowerment|
  • common good
  • Social justice
  • sustainability (intergenerational equity)
  • social responsibility
• human dignity - core values which serves as the foundation for development. it is a principle which recognizes the humanness of man.
• popular participation - a principle which means that people or the recipient of development initiatives should not be treated simple as receivers or beneficiaries of development rather they should be involved in the process of planning and implementing programs.
• empowerment - development should provide opportunities for people to know and analyze their own community problems and meet their own needs with less assistance from others.
• common good - development should be for the welfare of the majority and not simply of the few or the powerful.
• sustainability (intergenerational equity) - development should not only look at the needs of the present generation but also that of the next generation.
• social responsibility - a principle which means that everyone is a steward of society. Everyone should be involved in addressing social issues and problems.
• Facts about development:

  • Development can either be seen in a micro or macro perspective.
  • development is holistic
  • the dimensions of development are interrelated and intertwined
  • the study of development is multidisciplinary
  • economic is not the "end and all" of development, however, it plays an important function in meeting the other needs of man.
  • the irony of development is that when one maximizes his capacity to fulfill one dimension, there is a tendency to compromise the others.
  • The challenge of development management is to arrive at a rationalization of development