BREACH

• Nettleship v Western


  Learner drivers are judged by the standards of a reasonable competent driver
• Bolam


  A doctor will be judged against the standards of a reasonable doctor
• Mullin v Richards


  Children will be judged against the standards of a reasonable child of D's age
• Bolitho 


  There must be a substantial body of opinion to support the course of action
• Wells v Cooper


  A person doing DIY will be judged by a competent carpenter and not a professional
• Roe v Minister of Health

  The risk of harm was unknown therefore no breach can occur
• Bolton v Stone


  The risk of injury was so small therefore cannot be foreseen
• Haley v London Electricity board


  it is reasonably foreseeable a blind person will fall in and greater care needs to be taken to mitigate the risk
• Paris v Stepney Borough Council


  a higher standard of care is owed to the vulnerable if the risk of harm is known
• Bolton v Stone

  the perimeter fence was reasonable enough therefore no other precautions can take place
• Latimer v AEC


  D had taken all reasonable precautions necessary
• Watt v Hertfordshire County Council

  a lower standard of care is owed when acting in emergency
• Day v High Performance Sports


  a lower standard of care can be expected in rescues
• Access to Medical Treatment Innovation Act 2016


  Medical professionals will not be liable if they act in patient's best interest