Progressive Movement

• progressivism is a political philosophy that emphasizes the importance of government action to improve the lives of the people
• muckrakers are journalists who exposed corruption and injustice in the US
• Ida Tarbell was one of the muckrakers who concentrated on exposing the unfair practices of large corporations
• Lincoln Steffens reported on vote stealing and other corrupt political practices of political machines
• Jacob Riis published photographs and descriptions of the poverty, disease, and crime that many immigrants experienced in New York
• Robert M. La Follett was the governor of Wisconsin who attacked the way political parties ran their conventions, enforced to pass the law requiring parties to hold a direct primary
• direct primary is where all party members could decide their candidate for public office
• initiative is the right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval
• referendum is the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature
• recall is the right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office
• the 17th amendment allowed voters of each state to elect senators
• suffrage is the right to vote
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton is one of the founders of the New York-based National Woman Suffrage Association
• NAWSA was a movement formed by two groups, the New York based group and the Boston based group who demanded the right for woman to vote
• lobbying is the act of contacting a political leader to explain a concern in order to convince them to vote for a cause
• Alic Paul was a quaker social worker and a former NAWSA member who founded the National Woman's Party (NWP)
• the NWP emphasized non-violent protest to promote women's right to participate in the democratic process
• the leader of NAWSA, Carrie Chapman Catt, who had organized the suffrage movement for one final nationwide push for suffrage, she was the reason for the 19th amendment
• the 19th amendment guaranteed women the right to vote
• prohibition are laws banning the manufacture, transportation, and sales of alcoholic beverages
• Theodore Roosevelt's progressive policies/reform programs became known as the Square Deal
• the Northern Securities v. United States was a case which the supreme court ruled Morgan's firm had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act
• the Coal Strike of 1902 was a strike between mine owners and nearly 150,000 members of the United Mind Workers (UMW)
• arbitration is settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsiders
• Theodore Roosevelt became the president at age 42-the youngest person ever to take the office, he also believedi n Social Darwinism, which held that nations were in competition and only the fittest survive
• the Meat Inspection Act required federal inspections of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agriculture Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants
• the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed to prohibit the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs
• William Howard Taft was Roosevelt's secretary of war and the person that Roosevelt thought would continue his policies
• the Payne-Aldrich Tariff hardly cut tariffs at all and actually raised them on some goods, progressives were outraged by Taft's signing
• Woodrow Wilson was against Roosevelt in the election of 1912 and had a university teaching career that culminated in his becoming the president of Princeton University was also the governor of NJ
• the Progressive Party was formed and Roosevelt became the president of that party which was also called the Bull Moose Party because Taft had alienated so many groups
• direct tax is a tax imposed directly on a person or their property
• indirect tax Is a tax that someone pays, but the tax burden falls on someone else
• the 16th amendment allowed for taxes on incomes was ratified by the states
• the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 created an independent agency that began to use monetary policy to manage the nation's economy
• the Federal Trade Commission was created by Congress to monitor American business and it had the power to investigate companies and issue orders against those it found to be engaged in unfair trade practices
• Keating-Owen Child Labor Act prohibited the employment of children under the age of 14 in factories producing good sfor interstate commerce
• the Adamson Act established the eight-house workday for railroad workers
• progressive whites joined with W.E.B Du Bois and other young blacks from the Niagara Movement, they formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
• the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) started to combat stereotypes and discrimination against Jewish people