active transport

• Active transport


  The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy from cellular respiration
• Diffusion


  The process by which substances move down their concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, a passive process that does not require energy
• Active transport


  • Takes place across a membrane
  • Requires special proteins in the membrane to transfer molecules
• Cellular respiration


  The process that happens mainly in the mitochondria when they break down glucose to release energy, providing the energy for active transport
• ATP


  Molecules that act like little batteries, taking the energy from the mitochondria to the different parts of the cell that need it
• Root hair cells


  • Adapted to absorb water and mineral ions by having a large surface area and lots of mitochondria
• Absorption of mineral ions by root hair cells

  1. Mineral ions at higher concentration inside the cell than outside

  2. Require active transport against concentration gradient

  3. Energy comes from cellular respiration in mitochondria
• Plants need to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil to survive
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